Recombinant Mouse Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (Ctla4)

1. Immunogenic mouse neuroblastoma acquires adaptive immune resistance by up-regulating PD-L1 expression, whereas PD-L1 is of lesser consequence in nonimmunogenic neuroblastoma tumors. Combining PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition with whole tumor cell/anti-CTLA-4 vaccination enhanced tumor cell killing, cured mice with established tumors, and induced long-term immune memory (6 months). PMID: 29377881
2. the investigation of RANK and RANKL as possible novel immunotherapy targets in cancer is a rational approach. Here we have defined the mechanism of action of RANKL-RANK blockade in combination with anti-CTLA4, and provide insight into the combination efficacy observed in the case reports. PMID: 28634284
3. reveal a novel CTLA-4-mediated pathway to attenuate cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and indicate the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms in the regulation of anti-tumor immune responses PMID: 28644433
4. The potential of the CTLA4 and G250 co-expression DNA vaccine. PMID: 28351777
5. Tregs were observed to regulate CD4(+), but not CD8(+), T cell infiltration into tumors through a CTLA-4/CD80 dependent mechanism. Disrupting CTLA-4 interaction with CD80 was sufficient to induce CD4 T cell infiltration into tumors. PMID: 28856392
6. These results suggest that CD44(+)CD117(+) T cells are stem cells and a specific T-cell phenotype that initially develops in the thymus, but they do not progress through DN3 and DN4 stages, lack a DP stage, and potently suppress T-cell proliferation and modulate the CTLA-4 pathway. PMID: 28279199
7. data suggest that increased expression of checkpoint blockade molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 on donor T cells is not sufficient to prevent GvHD, and that cooperation between checkpoint blockade signaling by host cells and donor Tregs is necessary to limit GvHD in allo-HSCT recipients PMID: 28953925
8. Treg cells expand in both humans and mice in blood-stage malaria and interfere with conventional T helper cell responses and follicular T helper (TFH)-B cell interactions in germinal centers. Mechanistically, Treg cells function in a critical temporal window to impede protective immunity through cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). PMID: 28892065
9. CTLA-4 expressed by FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory tissue attack and not T-cell priming in arthritis. PMID: 28497863
10. results are consistent with a complex pathway in which CD28 is the primary driver of Treg proliferation and CTLA-4 functions as the main brake but is also dependent on TCR signals and interactions with CD80/CD86 PMID: 28053234
11. CTLA-4(+) microvesicles can competitively bind B7 costimulatory molecules on bystander dendritic cells, resulting in downregulation of B7 surface expression. PMID: 26979751
12. this study shows that miR-155 is modulated by a major dust mite allergen, Dermatophagoides farinae (Df1), and increases CD4+ T cell proliferation through the downregulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression PMID: 28110885
13. CTLA-4 regulates atherosclerosis by suppressing proatherogenic immune responses. PMID: 27055906
14. Data suggest enhanced clinical benefit from combining CTLA-4 antigen blockade with poxvirus-based active immunotherapy. PMID: 26961085
15. up-regulated expression correlates with the tolerogenic effect of syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation PMID: 26311302
16. Induced Treg Cells Augment the Th17-Mediated Intestinal Inflammatory Response in a CTLA4-Dependent Manner PMID: 26950218
17. CTLA-4 has a regulatory T cell-intrinsic role in limiting peripheral regulatory T cell expansion and activation, and in their capacity to control conventional T cells. PMID: 26371185
18. The Ctla4 SNP (e2_77A/G) does not alter diabetes susceptibility, but does control mRNA alternative splicing. PMID: 26450994
19. Sorafenib suppressed the expression of immunosuppressive factors in MDSCs. These data indicate that combination therapy of sorafenib and anti-CTLA-4 Ab may be effective in advanced kidney cancer patients. PMID: 25845968
20. The co-stimulatory molecule CTLA-4 mediates in vitro differentiation of iTreg cells. PMID: 25238105
21. The bullseye immunological synapse formation is mediated by CTLA4, and may negatively control T-cell activation as a suppressive synapse. PMID: 25287444
22. this study reports that regulatory T (Treg) cells orchestrate memory T cell quiescence by suppressing effector and proliferation programs through inhibitory receptor, cytotoxic- T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4). PMID: 26084026
23. Short-term blockade with anti-CTLA-4 antibody in wild-type mice is sufficient to elicit follicular helper T cell generation and germinal center development. The latter occurs in a CD28-dependent manner. PMID: 25548162
24. CTLA-4 and mTOR down-regulation cooperate during CD8+ T cell priming to promote memory formation and metabolic readiness. PMID: 25624453
25. role in Treg cell-mediated control of T follicular regulatory cell proliferation, germinal center formation,and of humoral immune responses PMID: 25526312
26. The study concludes that although the presence of CTLA4 plays a critical role in controlling homeostasis of T cells, its quantitative variation may impose diverse or even opposing effects on distinct lineages of T cells, an optimal sum of which is necessary for preservation of T cell immunity while suppressing tissue damage. PMID: 25246499
27. cardiomyocytes can express CD80; this expression pattern can resist CTL-mediated lysis through CTLA-4 pathway PMID: 24507064
28. Alternative splice forms of CTLA-4 induced by antisense mediated splice-switching influences autoimmune diabetes susceptibility in NOD mice. PMID: 24494586
29. CTLA4(apt) fused to a STAT3-targeting siRNA (CTLA4(apt)-STAT3 siRNA) resulted in internalization into tumor-associated CD8 T cells and silencing of STAT3, which activated tumor antigen-specific T cells in tumor models. PMID: 24892807
30. results show that CTLA-4 promotes Tc17 differentiation that results in robust Tc17 responses PMID: 24723371
31. These data suggest that effects associated with and mediated through Tyr201 of CTLA-4s intracellular domain are critical for Treg-cell function. PMID: 24648182
32. Our in vitro experiments revealed that IL-2 induced expression of CTLA-4 in mouse natural killer cells PMID: 24688023
33. These novel insights into the differential regulation of CTLA-4 coinhibition on CD4(+) T cells have implications for the immunomodulation of pathologic T cell responses during transplantation and autoimmunity. PMID: 24493820
34. SOCS3 interacts with CTLA-4 and negatively regulates CTLA-4 levels in T cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the expansion of regulatory T cells in CD4-SOCS3 during experimental autoimmune uveitis. PMID: 24101549
35. This novel mechanism of CTLA-4lg immunotherapy may lead to an ideal anti-obesity/inflammation/insulin resistance agent. PMID: 23872146
36. Data show coexpression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 correlates with more severe dysfunction of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. PMID: 23633484
37. Our results identify CTLA-4 as a key factor that regulates the composition of the Foxp3+ T-cell population in the intestine. PMID: 22910217
38. The soluble isoform of CTLA-4 is a regulator of T-cell responses. PMID: 23400950
39. The presence of the alternatively spliced 1/4 CTLA-4 isoform can further promote autoimmunity and autoimmune pathology in lupus-prone mice and suggests that altered splicing of CTLA4 contributes to the expression of autoimmune disease. PMID: 23203389
40. Li-CTLA-4 expressed at physiologic levels in the CTLA-4-sufficient NOD background suppresses autoimmunity; but, the functionality of the li-CTLA-4 isoform depends on the presence of the full-length molecule to alter effector T cell signaling. PMID: 23293354
41. CTLA-4 is expressed in the corticomedullary region of the thymus. Its absence alters the response of CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes to self-antigen recognition, which affects the quantity of the Treg cells and broadens the repertoire of peripheral T cells. PMID: 23267099
42. pathways by which cAMP regulates CTLA4 expression, focusing on transcriptional activation PMID: 23024062
43. Findings indicate that CTLA-4-negative regulation of conventional T cells (Tconvs) but not regulatory T cells (Tregs) in immune responses. PMID: 23047820
44. direct evidence that CTLA4 inhibits spontaneous tumor development PMID: 22777737
45. CTLA-4 on normal effector CD4-positive T cells completely abrogates the dramatically increased expansion normally experienced by their CTLA-4-deficient counterparts. PMID: 22753941
46. a potential new role for CTLA-4 in Treg differentiation PMID: 22337882
47. the importance of intracellular localization for CTLA-4 protein function and reveal that CTLA-4 protein externalization imparts suppressor function to both regulatory and conventional CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 22403258
48. boosting CD152 or its down-stream signal transduction could aid therapies aimed at sensitizing T lymphocytes for optimal migration, thus contributing to a precise and effective immune response. PMID: 22412835
49. The expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 on T cells correlates with the extent of proinflammatory responses induced during Plasmodium berghei infection, being higher in C57BL/6 than in BALB/c mice. PMID: 22319445
50. CTLA4-Ig may promote neuronal differentiation during the treatment of neurological diseases with cell replacement therapy PMID: 22155494

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KEGG: mmu:12477

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000027164

UniGene: Mm.390