Human CD9 antigen(CD9) ELISA kit

Integral membrane protein associated with integrins, which regulates different processes, such as sperm-egg fusion, platelet activation and aggregation, and cell adhesion. Present at the cell surface of oocytes and plays a key role in sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing multiprotein complexes and the morphology of the membrane required for the fusion. In myoblasts, associates with CD81 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration. In macrophages, associates with CD81 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles. Also prevents the fusion between mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption. Acts as a receptor for PSG17. Involved in platelet activation and aggregation. Regulates paranodal junction formation. Involved in cell adhesion, cell motility and tumor metastasis.

1. assays. Results from the present study demonstrated that CD9 was highly expressed in the highly metastatic Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)cells and promoted HCC cell migration. This protein may be a novel target for regulating the invasive phenotype in HCC. PMID: 29749468
2. The species-specific traits in CD9 and CD81 distribution during sperm maturation were compared between mice and humans. A mutual position of CD9/CD81 is shown in human spermatozoa in the acrosomal cap, however in mice, CD9 and CD81 occupy a distinct area. PMID: 29671763
3. CD9 expression predicts some clinical characteristics and indicates an unfavorable prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. PMID: 29286918
4. CD9-CD81 blockage reduces exosome-mediated HIV-1 entry. PMID: 29429034
5. Exosomal markers CD63 and CD9 are elevated in pancreatic tumor tissues. PMID: 28609367
6. CD9 expression could be a biomarker for poor prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma PMID: 28178752
7. CD9 stabilizes gp130 by blocking its ubiquitin-dependent lysosomal degradation to promote the IL6-gp130-bone marrow X-linked non-receptor tyrosine kinase-STAT3 signaling for maintaining GSC selfrenewal and tumorigenic capacity. PMID: 27740621
8. CD9 was highly expressed on extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the boundary region of EVT invasion and intravascular EVT. CD9 expression on Swan71 cells was reduced under hypoxic conditions, while its expression was increased by co-culture with HUVEC. CD9 could attenuate EVT invasion under the influence of an oxygen environment and maternal endothelial cells, proposing CD9 as a potential regulator of human placentation. PMID: 27780531
9. As for 18Lin(-), CD34(-) HSCs are characterized by low expression of the tetraspanin CD9, which promotes homing, and high expression of the peptidase CD26, which inhibits homing. PMID: 28687990
10. The findings suggest that, in contrast with previous models, the ligand-binding site of integrin alphaVbeta3, binds to the constant region (helices A and B) of the EC2 domain of CD9, CD81, and CD151 antigens. PMID: 27993971
11. Data suggest that CD9 should be further evaluated as a target for glioblastoma treatment. PMID: 26573230
12. Collectively, using tetraspanin CD9 in tandem with E-cadherin as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma will help to not only distinguish between types, but also predict the metastatic potential of RCC. PMID: 26855131
13. Data indicate that CD9 is implicated in BCC invasiveness and metastases by cellular mechanisms that involve specific CD9+ plasma membrane protrusions of BCCs. PMID: 25762645
14. CD9-enriched microdomains negatively regulate LPS-induced receptor formation by preventing CD14 from accumulating into lipid rafts. [Review] PMID: 26378766
15. Results indicate that CD9 downregulation promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration through at least in part, enhancing the cell surface expression of EGFR. PMID: 25955689
16. CD9 expression is upregulated and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients PMID: 26045817
17. Although the current findings did not prove any hypothesis, the indispensable role of CD9 in fertilization process was not excluded and the precise role of CD9 remains unexplained. [review] PMID: 25536312
18. CD9 plays a role in the dysmegakaryopoiesis that occurs in primary myelofibrosis. PMID: 25840601
19. High CD9 is associated with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID: 26320102
20. These results suggested that the mechanism underlying CD9-induced suppression of cell proliferation may involve the inhibition of phosphorylation of EGFR and the activity of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways PMID: 25760022
21. OY-TES-1 downregulation in liver cancer cells inhibits cell proliferation by upregulating CD and downregulating NANOG. PMID: 25673160
22. Low levels of CD9 coincidental with a novel nonsense mutation in glycoprotein Ibbeta in a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome. PMID: 26275786
23. The cysteine residues involved in the formation of the disulfide bridges in CD9 EC2 were all essential for inhibiting multinucleated giant cell formation but a conserved glycine residue in the tetraspanin-defining 'CCG' motif was not. PMID: 25551757
24. alteration in CD9 expression was sufficient to profoundly disrupt cellular actin arrangement and endogenous cell contraction by interfering with RhoA signaling. PMID: 25184334
25. The mechanism responsible for this negative regulation exerted by CD9 on LFA-1 adhesion does not involve changes in the affinity state of this integrin but seems to be related to alterations in its state of aggregation. PMID: 26003300
26. The results demonstrate that hypoxia regulates CD9 expression and CD9-mediated keratinocyte migration via the p38/MAPK pathway. PMID: 25200404
27. Report shows that breast cancer cells contain a nuclear CD9 pool and that the abrogation of CD9 expression results in multipolar mitoses and polynucleation. PMID: 25103498
28. this study indicated that sialylation involved in the development of MDR of AML cells probably through ST3GAL5 or ST8SIA4 regulating the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling and the expression of P-gp and MRP1. PMID: 24531716
29. switch from alphavbeta5 to alphavbeta6 integrin plays a key role in CD9-regulated cell migration and MMP-9 activation in keratinocytes PMID: 25265322
30. High expression of CD9 was statistically associated with older patients PMID: 24553302
31. CD9 and CD63 tetraspanins block HIV-1-induced cell-cell fusion at the transition from hemifusion to pore opening. PMID: 24608085
32. Loss of CD9 expression is associated with enhancement of invasive potential of malignant mesothelioma. PMID: 24466195
33. CD9 and CD151 support integrin-mediated signaling at the immunological synapse. PMID: 24723389
34. Introduction of CD9 expression in Raji cells resulted in significantly increased cell proliferation and HDAC activity compared to mock transfected Raji cells. PMID: 24747564
35. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and CD9 are likely implicated in processes that are highly relevant for MS lesion formation PMID: 24038577
36. this study points to EGFR as a key mediator between CD9-mediated pro-MMP-9 release and cellular invasion of HT1080 cells. PMID: 24246676
37. The second extracellular loop of CD9 was responsible for the upregulation of MMP-9 production. PMID: 23840773
38. This is the first study of the expression and prognostic potential of the tetraspanins in oral dysplasia. PMID: 24201754
39. Low CD9 expression is associated with malignant mesothelioma. PMID: 23128478
40. Both CD9/CD81-silenced cells and CD151-silenced cells showed delayed alpha3beta1-dependent cell spreading on laminin-332. PMID: 23613949
41. Data indicate that CD9 acts as scaffold and assembles a ternary JAM-A-CD9-alphavbeta3 integrin complex from which JAM-A is released upon bFGF stimulation. PMID: 23389628
42. these data suggest that CD9 is a novel marker for a human germinal center-B cell subset that is committed to plasma cell lineage. PMID: 23291167
43. CD9 overexpression was confirmed in osteotropic cells. CD9 was significantly overexpressed in bone metastases versus primary tumors and visceral metastatic lesions. PMID: 23225418
44. tetraspanin CD9 modulates molecular organization of integrins in lymphatic endothelial cells, thereby supporting several functions required for lymphangiogenesis PMID: 23223239
45. Low CD9 expression is associated with gallbladder neoplasms PMID: 22613496
46. identifies human male germ cells with capability of long-term survival and cell turnover in the xenogeneic testis environment PMID: 22592495
47. Knockdown of CD9 by siRNA and blockage of CD9 activity by ALB6 in ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that constitutive activation of NF-kappaB is CD9 dependent and that CD9 is involved in anti-apoptosis PMID: 22095071
48. CD9 increases GCM1 expression via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, resulting in the increase in ERVWE1 expression. PMID: 19692500
49. The absence or down-regulation of CD9 expression and point mutation may play a considerable role in the pathway of the malignant transformation in the BEAS-2B cells induced by mineral powder. PMID: 17997888
50. CD9 associates with ADAM17 and, through this interaction, negatively regulates the sheddase activity of ADAM17. PMID: 21365281

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Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Secreted, extracellular exosome.

Tetraspanin (TM4SF) family

Detected in platelets (at protein level). Expressed by a variety of hematopoietic and epithelial cells.

HGNC: 1709

OMIM: 143030

KEGG: hsa:928

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000009180

UniGene: Hs.114286