Human Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2(PLA2G5) ELISA kit

Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity), preferentially releasing fatty acyl groups with a low degree of unsaturation such as oleoyl (C18:1) and linoleoyl (C18:2) groups. Hydrolyzes low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that drive macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype. May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes at different subcellular locations and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of cardiolipin, a major component of the inner membrane of mitochondria and bacterial membranes. Promotes phagocytosis of bacteria in macrophages through production of lysophosphatidylethanolamines. Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing phospholipids of the bacterial membrane. Promotes phagocytosis and killing of ingested fungi likely through controlling phagosome-lysosome fusion and phagosome maturation. Plays a role in biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in myeloid cells. In eosinophils, triggers perinuclear arachidonate release and LTC4 synthesis in a PLA2G4A-independent way. In neutrophils, amplifies CysLTs biosynthesis initiated by PLA2G4A. Promotes immune complex clearance in macrophages via stimulating synthesis of CysLTs, which act through CYSLTR1 to trigger phagocytosis. May regulate antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells. In pulmonary macrophages regulates IL33 production required for activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines.

1. Low GV-PLA2 expression is associated with cancer. PMID: 26715269
2. The clinical findings in this family suggest a diagnosis of benign familial fleck retina with excellent prognosis, in which the PLA2G5 gene may play a role. PMID: 25549071
3. sPLA2-V plays a thrombogenic role by impairing the ability of EPCR to promote protein C activation. PMID: 25069533
4. results demonstrate that EPCR is overexpressed and mediates the aggressive behavior of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, and is likely driven by group V secretory phospholipase A2 PMID: 24495480
5. expression of PLA2s-IIE and -V correlates with the development of calcification as well as the expression of pro-osteogenic molecules in human aortic valves PMID: 25132377
6. There is no association between rs525380 polymorphism of PLA2G5 and coronary heart disease. PMID: 24563418
7. Our results demonstrate the association of the PLA2G5 rs11573191 polymorphism with premature CAD. In our study, it was possible to distinguish one haplotype associated with increased risk of premature CAD and hypertension. PMID: 24959594
8. Human group V secretory phospholipase A2 is associated with lipid rafts and internalized in a flotillindependent pathway. PMID: 24042857
9. Our studies identified a unique function of gV-sPLA2 in activation of macrophages PMID: 23650617
10. The effects of acidic pH on the activity of recombinant human group V secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-V) toward small VLDL (sVLDL), IDL, and LDL, on the binding of these apoB-100-containing lipoproteins to human aortic proteoglycans, were examined. PMID: 22041135
11. Biallelic mutations in PLA2G5, encoding group V phospholipase A2, cause benign fleck retina PMID: 22137173
12. Group V phospholipase A2 mediates barrier disruption of human pulmonary endothelial cells caused by LPS in vitro PMID: 20448053
13. circulating human neutrophils express groups V and X sPLA(2) (GV and GX sPLA(2)) mRNA and contain GV and GX sPLA(2) proteins, whereas GIB, GIIA, GIID, GIIE, GIIF, GIII, and GXII sPLA(2)s are undetectable PMID: 11741884
14. group V phospholipase A2 induces group IVA phospholipase A2-independent cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis in human eosinophils PMID: 12796497
15. sPLA2-V expression in hepatocytes is induced by viral infection, fibrosis, and circulatory disturbance. Immunostaining using sPLA2-V antibody is useful for the detection of injured hepatocytes in patients with liver diseases. PMID: 15377291
16. foam cell formation is promoted by a SR-A- and CD36-independent process that involves cellular proteoglycans and Group V secretory phospholipase A2-modified low density lipoprotein PMID: 16040605
17. Group V sPLA2 was expressed in ischaemic cardiomyocytes around the lesion, while no expression was observed in normal heart. PMID: 16115226
18. present results raise the possibility that group V and X sPLA2s may play a role in innate immunity against adenoviral infection in the respiratory tract PMID: 16146426
19. group V PLA2 released from neighboring cells may function in triggering the activation of inflammatory cells under physiological conditions PMID: 16476735
20. Group V phospholipase A2, endogenously secreted from activated epithelial cells, promotes secretion of leukotriene C4 from cocultured eosinophils. PMID: 16785555
21. PLA2G5 tSNP haplotypes demonstrate an association with total and LDL cholesterol and oxLDL/LDL. PMID: 17545304

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Fleck retina, familial benign (FRFB)

Secreted. Cell membrane. Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome. Recycling endosome. Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network.

Phospholipase A2 family

Heart, placenta and less abundantly, in lung. Detected in the outer and inner plexiform layers of the retina (at protein level). Expressed in monocytes and macrophages.

HGNC: 9038

OMIM: 228980

KEGG: hsa:5322

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000364249

UniGene: Hs.319438