Human Follistatin-related protein 3(FSTL3) ELISA kit

Isoform 1 or the secreted form is a binding and antagonizing protein for members of the TGF-beta family, such us activin, BMP2 and MSTN. Inhibits activin A-, activin B-, BMP2- and MSDT-induced cellular signaling; more effective on activin A than on activin B. Involved in bone formation; inhibits osteoclast differentiationc. Involved in hematopoiesis; involved in differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells, increases hematopoietic cell adhesion to fibronectin and seems to contribute to the adhesion of hematopoietic precursor cells to the bone marrow stroma. Isoform 2 or the nuclear form is probably involved in transcriptional regulation via interaction with MLLT10.

1. FSTL3 expression in invasive breast cancer is inversely associated with tumor size and nuclear grade but it does not predict disease relapse in the short term. PMID: 28178680
2. first trimester maternal serum levels not altered in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus PMID: 27623975
3. Human renal dysfunction is the strongest independent predictor of FSTL3 serum concentrations in multivariate analyses. PMID: 28339962
4. The serum levels of IL-8, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, MMP-8, Resistin, FLRG, and BCAM were significantly higher in breast cancer patients, but LAP and TSH-beta levels were lower. PMID: 26898119
5. FSTL3 is a critical mediator of exercise-dependent bone formation PMID: 25937185
6. Elevated FSTL-3 concentrations were attributable to preeclampsia and were associated with increased likelihood of later developing preeclampsia, suggesting further study as a biomarker prior to clinically evident disease. PMID: 24700053
7. The elevation of Follistatin-like-3 was demonstrated in late second trimester of pregnancy destined to developing preeclampsia, suggesting its causal role in the pathogenesis and prediction of preeclampsia. PMID: 24475769
8. Resistance exercise resulted in a significant downregulation of MSTN and FBXO32 mRNA expression and a significant upregulation in FSTL3 and SMURF1 mRNA expression, and carbohydrate and protein feeding have little influence on the these markers expression. PMID: 22476926
9. Suggest FSTL3 has a role in paracrine communication between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. PMID: 22915069
10. Data suggest that serum levels of FSTL3 are higher in pre-eclampsia than in controls; placental expression of FSTL3 is also increased in pre-eclampsia compared with controls; no differences were observed between mild and severe pre-eclampsia. PMID: 22568578
11. After eccentric exercise, postmenopausal women not using hormone therapy (HT) expressed higher levels of follistatin-like protein 3 while postmenopausal women using HT showed a significant increased expression over controls. PMID: 22395277
12. Maternal and placental FSTL3 concentrations were reduced in GDM women compared with normally pregnant women, suggesting FSTL3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes PMID: 22122995
13. Structure of myostatin.follistatin-like 3: N-terminal domains of follistatin-type molecules exhibit alternate modes of binding. PMID: 22052913
14. GDF9 decreases basal and activin A-induced FST and FSTL3 expression, and this explains, in part, its enhancing effects on activin A-induced inhibin beta(B)-subunit mRNA expression and inhibin B production in hGL cells PMID: 21829661
15. FLRG can be successfully detected in maternal plasma in the first trimester of pregnancy but its levels are not significantly altered in the presence of Down syndrome fetuses. PMID: 20063262
16. First-trimester FSTL3 levels are associated with glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes later in pregnancy. PMID: 20007937
17. Transcription activation of FLRG and follistatin by activin A, through Smad proteins, participates in a negative feedback loop to modulate activin A function PMID: 11948405
18. our present data suggest that protein kinase C and A signal transduction pathways differently regulate the expression of FLRG in human ovarian granulosa-luteal cells PMID: 12397211
19. Follistatin and FLRG proteins downmodulate the effects of activin A and BMP2 on erythroid maturation. PMID: 12531697
20. likely to be a local regulator of activin action in gonadal development and gametogenesis PMID: 14739256
21. Data report the endometrial mRNA and peptide expression of follistatin-related gene (FLRG), a protein that binds activin-A, preventing its interaction. PMID: 15130517
22. review discusses differences between signal targets of follistatin and FLRG and distinct functions and mechanisms for these two proteins in the human hematopoietic system PMID: 15451575
23. comparison of the kinetics of FST isoform and FSTL3 biosynthesis, trafficking, and secretion PMID: 16150905
24. IGFBP1 and Follistatin-like 3 are highly up-regulated in intrauterine growth restriction in the placenta. PMID: 16338475
25. the differential biological actions among the FST isoforms and FSTL3 are primarily dependent on their relative cell-surface binding ability and ligand specificity PMID: 16627583
26. Follistatin-like 3 expression was low in normal but enhanced in malignant rat liver. in human normal liver, in contrast, it was abundantly expressed but downregulated in liver cancer PMID: 16935389
27. Ovarian endometriotic lesions show a deranged expression of activin A-binding proteins FLRG and follistatin, which may result in an altered effect of activin A on angiogenesis and/or endometrial differentiation. PMID: 17296189
28. TNFalpha activates FLRG expression at the transcriptional level. PMID: 17395406
29. Overexpression of FLRG, an antagonist of activin is associated with increased breast tumor cell growth PMID: 17671190
30. Data show that the nuclear isoform of FLRG lacks an intrinsic transactivation domain, but enhances AF10-mediated transcription, probably through promoting the homo-oligomerization of AF10, thus facilitating the recruitment of co-activators. PMID: 17868029
31. Hypoxia enhances the expression of FSTL3 and its release from PHT cells. PMID: 17959243
32. Elevated myocardial expression of FST-like genes is a feature of heart failure, and may be linked to both disease severity and mechanisms underlying recovery. PMID: 18617621
33. analysis of the structure of the FSTL3.activin A complex PMID: 18768470
34. FLRG expression was regulated in the epithelial cytoplasm and nucleus of the malignant breast tissue. PMID: 19740438

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A chromosomal aberration involving FSTL3 is found in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Translocation t(11;19)(q13;p13) with CCDN1.

[Isoform 1]: Secreted.; [Isoform 2]: Nucleus.

Expressed in a wide range of tissues.

HGNC: 3973

OMIM: 605343

KEGG: hsa:10272

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000166139

UniGene: Hs.529038