Human Furin(FURIN) ELISA kit

Ubiquitous endoprotease within constitutive secretory pathways capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. Mediates processing of TGFB1, an essential step in TGF-beta-1 activation. Converts through proteolytic cleavage the non-functional Brain natriuretic factor prohormone into its active hormone BNP(1-32).; (Microbial infection) Cleaves and activates diphtheria toxin DT.; (Microbial infection) Cleaves and activates anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA).; (Microbial infection) Required for H7N1 and H5N1 influenza virus infection probably by cleaving hemagglutinin.; (Microbial infection) Able to cleave S.pneumoniae serine-rich repeat protein PsrP.; (Microbial infection) Facilitates human coronaviruses EMC and SARS-CoV-2 infections by proteolytically cleaving the spike protein at the monobasic S1/S2 cleavage site. This cleavage is essential for spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and entry into human lung cells.; (Microbial infection) Facilitates mumps virus infection by proteolytically cleaving the viral fusion protein F.

1. High FURIN levels show signs of lower disease activity suggesting that FURIN might have a protective role in primary Sjogren's syndrome. PMID: 29465367
2. the furin inhibitor dec-RVKR-CMK blocked entry of MERS-CoV harboring an S protein lacking furin cleavage sites; it even blocked entry into furin-deficient LoVo cells. In addition, dec-RVKR-CMK inhibited not only the enzymatic activity of furin but also those of cathepsin L, cathepsin B, trypsin, papain, and TMPRSS2. PMID: 30021905
3. Using protein X-ray crystallography, this study investigated the extended substrate binding site of furin in complex with three peptide-derived inhibitors at up to 1.9 A resolution. PMID: 29314830
4. In squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC), higher levels of MMP-14 expression were established in tumor cells, as evidenced by IHC (+3) and RT-PCR.Furin activity in the tumor was much higher than that in normal tissues. The expression of TIMP-2 mRNA was sufficiently obvious in both the tumor and normal tissues to the bottom of the uterine cavity. PMID: 29265076
5. these findings identify furin as an important factor for aRMS progression and survival. Thus, we propose furin as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of aRMS. PMID: 27572312
6. Novel protein crystallographic structures of the prototypical PC family member furin in different functional states were determined to 1.8-2.0 A. PMID: 27647913
7. findings uncover a role of ERK1 in the regulation of furin activity by supporting a self-sustaining loop for high TGF-beta activity in glioma-initiating cells. PMID: 28484053
8. Divers studies have confirmed the expression of furin in a large spectrum of cancers. Functional studies modulating its activity uncovered its importance for the processing of many cancer-related substrates and strongly indicate that high furin activity promotes the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. [review] PMID: 28369813
9. Furin plays an important role in the malignant phenotype of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by activating proteins involved in tumor growth, vascularization, metastasis and invasion. PMID: 27548722
10. Furin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells probably via Hippo-YAP pathway and may be a potential target for anti-pancreatic cancer. PMID: 28259973
11. Results suggest that (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) is generated by sequential processing by site-1 protease (S1P) and furin protein. PMID: 28013223
12. Compared with the homozygous genotype CC of rs2071410, the frequency of CG + GG genotype in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. Individuals with CG + GG genotype had 49.3% increased risk of Transient Ischemic Attack compared with individuals with CC genotype. Patients with CG + GG genotype had worse 90-day prognosis after Transient Ischemic Attack treatment than patients with CC genotype. PMID: 27760099
13. our study provides evidence that furin activity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition are potential indicators of the aggressive phenotype in recurrent laryngeal cancer after irradiation and that furin is a potentially useful target against laryngeal cancer PMID: 27798871
14. The s show that Human papillomavirus type 16 L2 is cleaved during virion morphogenesis in differentiated tissue and that tissue-derived native virus initiates infection independent of cellular furin. PMID: 26569287
15. Data suggest that the full Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus can be reproduced by reverse genetics; in this system, furin cleavage of the nonstructural glycoprotein reveals mature GP38. PMID: 25933376
16. we could not confirm an effect of the SNP on FURIN expression in vitro and no correlations could be found in vivo with FURIN expression or outcome. PMID: 26137475
17. the plasma level of FURIN does not predict the severity of infectious disease, it may be of use in the diagnostics of autoimmune diseases. PMID: 26346780
18. These data highlight a positive-feedback loop whereby Notch1-dependent furin expression can induce Notch1 signaling by increasing Notch1 processing and by potentiating the activity of ADAM10 and Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase. PMID: 26283728
19. Furin and PC7 siRNAs induced HIF-1alpha protein by increasing its translation, resulting in upregulation of VEGF-A. PMID: 24436242
20. High levels of furin, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta2 may be the reason of proceeding decidualization, placentation, and prevention from abortion, in spite of terminating the fetal life. PMID: 26065233
21. a phenotypic analysis demonstrated that a novel cis-eQTL SNP rs4702 for FURIN is strongly associated with both diastolic (p = 0.012) and systolic (p = 0.035) BP levels, as well as peripheral vascular resistance (p = 0.003). PMID: 25813623
22. FUR transcription is activated by CREB-dependent stimulation of the FUR P1 promoter during human trophoblast syncytialization. PMID: 25175744
23. Hepatic overexpression of human profurin reduced atherosclerotic lesion development in Ldlr(-/-)mice and reduced plasma LDL-c. In the presence of profurin, hepatic ApoB, mainly ApoB100, was degraded by proteasomes. PMID: 25026302
24. Up-regulation of MT1-MMP and furin expression and low TIMP-2 expression make the main contribution to the invasiveness potential of squamous cell cervical carcinomas. PMID: 25552509
25. These data support a model in which HD5 prevents furin from accessing human papillomavirus 16 L2 by occluding the furin cleavage site via direct binding to the viral capsid. PMID: 25540379
26. a central regulator of cell-mediated immunity and Th1/2 cell balance and peripheral immune toleranc. PMID: 25355923
27. we show that the K153R mutation significantly increases the rate of proteolysis of promyostatin by furin, but has no effect on the activity of the latent complex or the cleavage of the latent complex by bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1). PMID: 25543063
28. The study presents a novel preparation of human furin and the first X-ray crystal structures of this enzyme in complex with noncovalent inhibitors. PMID: 24666235
29. furin appears to be the essential enzyme for the generation of kisspeptins. PMID: 24454770
30. High FURIN expression is associated with lung cancer. PMID: 23065687
31. H9N2 HA can be cleaved in cells with high levels of furin expression. PMID: 24257604
32. overexpression of furin can have either favourable or detrimental effects, it seems advisable to take indirect proprotein convertase inhibitory activity into account when polyphenols are considered for therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 23835774
33. the role of serpinB8/furin in obesity-associated chronic inflammation PMID: 23936445
34. Data indicate that alpha1PDX-serpin B8 and furin-PC chimeras suggeted new serpin and protease (re)active-site and exosite determinants of reactivity. PMID: 23744066
35. The furin function is required for the development of syncytiotrophoblast structure in the labyrinth layer, as well as for normal embryonic development. PMID: 23598405
36. The genetic variation of furin is not associated with insulin resistance in this Chinese Kazakh cohort. PMID: 23302673
37. overexpression of PCs, furin and PC5, but not PC7, which are all expressed in SMC, increase PKGI cleavage in a dose-dependent manner PMID: 23686857
38. His-69 functions as a pH sensor that regulates compartment-specific furin activation PMID: 23653353
39. Among the PC family members, only furin activates hepcidin in hepatocytes, and uniquely the full-length membrane-bound PC7 can directly shed hTfR1 by cleavage at Arg100 PMID: 23390091
40. Endothelial protease nexin-1 is a novel regulator of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 maturation and endothelial protein C receptor shedding via furin inhibition. PMID: 23661674
41. Genetic variations of Furin gene are not associated with obesity in Kazakh general population. PMID: 23568742
42. Liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein (LEDA-1/PIANP) is processed by a furin-like proprotein convertase. PMID: 23558288
43. Furin-cleaved proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is active and modulates low density lipoprotein receptor and serum cholesterol levels. PMID: 23135270
44. Cellular furin abundance in five cell lines was shown to be strongly correlated with productive IBV infection. Cleavage of IBV spike protein by furin may contribute to the productive IBV infection in these cells. PMID: 22995191
45. Furin overexpression inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth. PMID: 22808247
46. expression of furin in the basal layer of the epidermis increased tumor development and enhanced tumor growth PMID: 22577343
47. the association between Furin and its substrate MT1-MMP is regulated by PDGFR stimulation and c-Src. PMID: 22038627
48. Furin-resistant Sema3E inhibits endothelial cells and hampers tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth. PMID: 22247010
49. FURIN and its substrate cytokines BAFF and APRIL are over expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. PMID: 21889147
50. These observations support the notion that hypoxia promotes the formation of a peripheral processing compartment where furin translocates for enhanced processing of proproteins involved in tumorigenesis. PMID: 21503879

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Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Secreted. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.

Peptidase S8 family, Furin subfamily

Seems to be expressed ubiquitously.

HGNC: 8568

OMIM: 136950

KEGG: hsa:5045

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000268171

UniGene: Hs.513153