Human Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2(Rock-2) ELISA Kit

Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1-p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6KA1 during myogenic differentiation. Plays an important role in the timely initiation of centrosome duplication. Inhibits keratinocyte terminal differentiation. May regulate closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall through organization of actomyosin bundles. Plays a critical role in the regulation of spine and synaptic properties in the hippocampus. Plays an important role in generating the circadian rhythm of the aortic myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and vascular contractility by modulating the myosin light chain phosphorylation.

1. ROCK2 is a target of miR-455-3p. PMID: 29932921
2. miR130a is a regulator of ROCK2 and can inhibit proliferation, migration and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of ROCK2. PMID: 30015839
3. Upregulation of ROCK2 was associated with the progression of breast cancer. PMID: 29990315
4. ROCK2 participates in cell adhesion by regulating ICAM-1 expression and the co-localization of adhesion molecules with vimentin. PMID: 30165352
5. qPCR demonstrated that melatonin downregulated ROCK2 gene expression, and upregulated the expression of the ZO1 and occludin genes. The levels of ZO1 and occludin localized in the tight junctions were markedly increased in the immunofluorescence assay. PMID: 29152648
6. This study showed that ROCK2 expression significantly increased in clinical gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-cancer tissues. PMID: 27921230
7. The findings indicate that upregulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway is significantly associated with cardiac hypertrophy-related Ca2+ dysregulation and suggest that ROCK inhibition prevents hypertrophic heart failure. PMID: 29029794
8. RhoA is activated in tumors from neuroblastoma patients, and elevated expression of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)2 is associated with poor patient survival. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ROCK1 and 2, key molecules in Rho signaling, resulted in neuroblastoma cell differentiation and inhibition of neuroblastoma cell growth, migration, and invasion. PMID: 28739902
9. ROCK1 and ROCK2 contribute to the genetic susceptibility of hypertension and stroke. PMID: 29246448
10. these data indicate that ROCK proteins are overexpressed in diverse vascular tumors and suggest that specific targeting of ROCK2 proteins may show efficacy against malignant vascular tumors. PMID: 28709411
11. Fasudil exhibited protective effects on smoke exposure induced cognitive deficits which might involve with the regulation of Rho/ROCK/NF-kappaB pathways. PMID: 27791202
12. The increase in protein expression of ROCK2 in astrocytes and microglia suggests an important role for ROCK2 in glial Parkinson disease pathology, which is initiated already in normal aging. PMID: 26748453
13. ROCK2 protein level was inversely correlated with miR-101 level in NSCLC tissue samples. PMID: 27229528
14. RhoE and ROCK2 regulate chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 27213590
15. Combined EGFR and ROCK inhibition effectively blocks proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. PMID: 27374095
16. Inhibition of ROCK signaling restored polarity, decreased disorganization of F-actin, and led to reduction of proliferation of breast cancer cells. PMID: 27203208
17. Data indicate that the ROCKII inhibitor H1152 increases insulin secreting cells from hPSCs and improves beta-cell maturation on transplantation in vivo. PMID: 28824164
18. Dexamethasone up-regulates ROCK1/2 activity promoting migration, invasion and metastasis of melanoma cells. PMID: 28923399
19. these data suggest that ROCK2 signaling plays a critical role in controlling the development of TFH cells induced by autoimmune conditions through reciprocal regulation of STAT3 and STAT5 activation. PMID: 27436361
20. Results showed that ROCK1 gene rs2271255 (Lys222Glu), rs35996865, and ROCK2 gene rs726843, rs2290156, rs10178332, rs35768389 (Asp601Val) polymorphisms were significantly associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and that they could be a risk factor for development of neonatal RDS. PMID: 27269648
21. These findings reveal an ancillary role for increased ROCK signaling in pancreatic cancer progression to promote extracellular matrix remodeling that facilitates proliferation and invasive tumor growth. PMID: 28031255
22. Despite sharing the catalytic domain with ROCK2, ROCK1 appears to be the dominant kinase essential for junctional integrity and contractile tension at epithelial ZA. PMID: 28035042
23. Studies showed that ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, have been found in various types of neuron-like cell lines and neurons, and function as different regulators in axon outgrowth, neurite retraction, cell survival, autophagy, energy balance, and generation of endogenous beta amyloid. [review] PMID: 27033194
24. These results indicate the differential role of ROCK isoforms in myofibroblast differentiation on soft and stiff matrices. PMID: 28225294
25. BCR-ABL-dependent ROCK, but not TK, is involved in CD1d downregulation. We propose that ROCK, which is most likely activated by the DH/PH domain of BCR-ABL, mediates iNKT-cell immune subversion in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients by downregulating CD1d expression on CML mDCs. PMID: 27513300
26. this study shows that ulinastatin inhibites the hyperpermeability of vascular endothelial cells induced by TNF-alpha, and that this inhibitory effect may be related to the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway PMID: 28329735
27. Taken together, these results suggest that this newly identified Rock2-beta-catenin/TCF4-SCARA5 axis will provide novel insight into the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of proliferation in human RCC. PMID: 27793664
28. Panax notoginseng saponins provide neuroprotective effects in a rat model of cerebral ischemia and SH-SY5Y cells exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation injury by inhibiting the overexpression of NgR1, RhoA, and ROCK2. PMID: 27288754
29. The positive rates of Rock2 protein in normal esophageal epithelium tissue was 12.3% and in esophageal carcinomas tissues was 56.5%. The expression of Rock2 protein was related with vascular invasion and there was no significant difference between the expression of Rock2 protein and ESCC patients' tumor location, differentiation, T stage, and lymph node metastases. PMID: 27628667
30. There are 2 isoforms: ROCK1 and ROCK2. They have different functions in different types of cells and tissues. There is growing evidence that ROCKs contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and subsequent heart failure. PMID: 27251065
31. a soft extracellular matrix causes downregulation of ROCK2 expression, which drives resistance to chemotherapy by repressing p53 activation. PMID: 28191463
32. Data suggest that Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 may be therapeutically useful in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). PMID: 26468018
33. Significant associations between ROCK1, ROCK2, RhoA and RhoC gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis were demonstrated. PMID: 26615410
34. ROCK1 and ROCK2 differentially regulate invadopodia activity through separate signaling pathways. PMID: 26826790
35. Uniaxial stretch activates JNK1 via RhoA and ROCK pathways in human bladder smooth muscle cells. PMID: 26928204
36. Data clearly suggests association of ROCK2 polymorphisms and haplotypes with high altitude essential hypertension in a Ladakhi Indian population. PMID: 26818475
37. 17beta-estradiol induces proliferation of uterine smooth muscle cells in endometriosis through hyperactivation of the estrogen receptor-RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. PMID: 25940707
38. no differences in renal interstitial fibrosis or UUOinduced ROCK activity were identified between the ROCK2 heterozygote knockout and WT mice, indicating that the genetic partial disruption of ROCK2 is insufficient for protecting against renal fibrosis. PMID: 26572751
39. Study shows that nuclear ROCKII activation signal might contribute to the tumor metastasis in breast cancer. PMID: 26626121
40. ROCK activity in MS serum was elevated compared with serum from healthy controls PMID: 26481340
41. This is the first study to examine the involvement of ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene variations in the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma development. PMID: 24617500
42. Rho Kinase ROCK2 Mediates Acid-Induced NADPH Oxidase NOX5-S Expression in Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells PMID: 26901778
43. ROCK2 forms a dimer, 120 nm in length, with a long coiled-coil tether linking the kinase and membrane-binding domains. PMID: 26620183
44. We speculate that the drop of the ROCK-to-MLCK ratio may occur as an attempt to compensate for the increased Rho kinase activity. PMID: 26468005
45. This study report that protein levels of the Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK2) was increased in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration brains. PMID: 26818518
46. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showed a positive expression of Rock2, which was significantly association with ethnic background. PMID: 26261605
47. Results demonstrated that the miR-200b/200c/429 subfamily inhibited HCC cell migration through modulating Rho/ROCK mediated cell cytoskeletal reorganization and cell-substratum adhesion. PMID: 25909223
48. miR-144 suppresses OS progression by directly downregulating ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression. PMID: 25912304
49. beta-catenin/TCF4 pathway contributed to the effects of Rock2 in CRC cells, and Rock2 stabilized beta-catenin by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation PMID: 26505794
50. ROCK2 is pivotal to baseline junctional tension as a novel mechanism by which Rho kinase primes the endothelium for hyperpermeability responses. PMID: 25869521

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Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome.

Protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Expressed in the brain (at protein level).

HGNC: 10252

OMIM: 604002

KEGG: hsa:9475

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000317985

UniGene: Hs.681743