Human clusterin,CLU ELISA Kit

Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. Protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by complement. Intracellular forms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB. Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. A mitochondrial form suppresses BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation. An intracellular form suppresses stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane integrity through interaction with HSPA5. Secreted form does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity. Secreted form act as an important modulator during neuronal differentiation through interaction with STMN3. Plays a role in the clearance of immune complexes that arise during cell injury.; Does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity.; Does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity. Promotes cell death through interaction with BCL2L1 that releases and activates BAX.

1. The plasma levels of septin-9 and clusterin in ovarian cancer patients were abnormally elevated, which might be used as potential candidates of peripheral blood tumor biomarkers for early diagnosis of EOC and septin-9 might be related to distal metastases of EOC. PMID: 29970704
2. Data suggest that the potential of clusterin and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) as platelet biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) could improve existing screening modalities in clinical application. PMID: 28849249
3. recombinant alpha- and beta-chains exhibit structural and functional differences and differ in their sub-cellular localization. PMID: 28120874
4. miR-195 improved the sensitivity of resistant prostate cancer cells to docetaxel by suppressing CLU. PMID: 29665645
5. The VDR/MEG3/Clusterin signaling pathway may serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognosis biomarkers for colorectal cancer patients in future. PMID: 29628342
6. Meta analysis validated the Alzheimer disease protective association for CLU (rs11136000) variants. PMID: 29504051
7. that the Clusterin rs11136000 polymorphism C allele is associated with AD susceptibility PMID: 29396813
8. clusterin promotes growth and invasion in renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo through upregulation of S100A4 PMID: 29400663
9. The results showed that secreted CLU was overexpressed in three hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. The downregulation of CLU by CLU shRNA synergistically increased Sorafenib sensitivity in the Bel7402 and SMMC7721 cells, and potentiated Sorafenib induced cell apoptosis. PMID: 29436591
10. Our study showed low clusterin immunostaining in colorectal carcinoma with lack of association with prognostic indicators PMID: 29279586
11. This study showed that the 1- and 2-year follow-up, generalized estimating equation analyses of Alzheimer's disease patients revealed that high levels of plasma clusterin at baseline were associated with a significantly larger decrease in Mini-Mental State Examination compared with low levels of plasma clusterin. PMID: 29169407
12. plasma level decreases in healthy but not in asthmatic pregnancy and correlates directly with lung function PMID: 29200898
13. Downregulation of apoE and apoJ in CSF strongly suggests a critical role of lipid metabolism in the development and progression of Moyamoya disease. PMID: 28843803
14. Our study may help to further elucidate the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer , also it may contribute to the research of therapies targeting sCLU. PMID: 28954633
15. Using global proteomic profiling of brain leptomeningeal arteries, this study revealed that clusterin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 increase in leptomeningeal arteries affected by cerebral amyloid angiopathy. PMID: 27543695
16. The presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), and microbial-associated IAI was characterized by lower amniotic fluid clusterin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. PMID: 27806672
17. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the rs9331888/C> G polymorphism in the clusterin gene might contribute to Alzheimer disease susceptibility especially in Caucasian populations. PMID: 28168383
18. these findings revealed that CLU genotypes could probably modulate the cerebral the Abeta loads on imaging and volume of hippocampus PMID: 27229352
19. No association for CLU with Alzheimer's disease in south-Indian population. PMID: 28558900
20. we confirm that a PEX/Alzheimer's Disease associated risk variant, rs2279590, resides within an enhancer element and regulates the expression of three candidate genes CLU, PTK2B and EPHX2, which were previously known to be modulators in the progression of Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 28973302
21. Silencing the expression of CLU could improve the anticancer efficacy of CPT. PMID: 28064403
22. Thus, we suggest that a combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors with V-ATPase inhibitors might be an effective approach for NSCLC treatment. PMID: 29253572
23. plasma clusterin was associated with lower volume of the entorhinal cortex, an area that atrophies early in AD. Clusterin could be informative as part of a multi-component preclinical marker for AD PMID: 29324756
24. This study demonstrated that Apo J expression preferentially occurs in neurons in brain in patient with Alzheimer's Disease. PMID: 27197790
25. Hippocampal shape features derived from the diffeomorphic metric-based shape analysis led to the identification of significant CLU-PICALM interaction effects on hippocampal morphology in young healthy adults, which were not identified by volume measurement and voxel-wise analysis. PMID: 27017968
26. CLU-C allele contrubutes to architectural disruptions in resting-state networks in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects (i.e., individuals with elevated risk of AD). PMID: 26899953
27. A total of 249 epileptic patients and 289 healthy controls were included in this study. Three Clusterin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs11136000, rs9314349, and rs9331949) were selected and genotyped with the SNaPshot assay. Our study failed to detect an association between Clusterin polymorphisms (rs11136000, rs9314349, and rs9331949) and epilepsy in a Han Chinese population. PMID: 28972394
28. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with immediate decrease in CSF clusterin concentrations. PMID: 28803177
29. Serum ApoJ levels are closely correlated with the magnitude of insulin resistance. PMID: 28986164
30. data confirm that the association of psoriatic disease with some comorbidities, especially metabolic and cardiovascular disease, might support the correlation with increased circulating Clu. PMID: 28958138
31. blood platelets have a role in amyloid-beta aggregation in cerebral vessels through integrin alphaIIbbeta3-induced outside-in signaling and clusterin release PMID: 27221710
32. The results identify Clusterin as a new molecular partner involved in apoptotic cell efferocytosis and suggest a protective role for Clusterin in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. PMID: 27148688
33. CLU as novel and promising biomarker for prognosis in patients with chronic HF PMID: 28391884
34. FRET and co-IP assays demonstrated that Clu interacted with beta-amyloid peptide, a pathological protein of AD, which suggested a potential effect of SelR and Abeta with the aid of Clu. The interaction between SelR and Clu provides a novel avenue for further study on the mechanism of SelR in AD prevention. PMID: 23805218
35. The findings of this study provided further evidence for the CLU risk variant as a candidate gene for Alzheimer disease and may serve as a pre-clinical neuroimaging phenotype of late-onset Alzheimer disease. PMID: 27396407
36. Study demonstrate high concentrations of clusterin (CLU) in mucus samples and significantly reduced CLU levels in cases with endometriosis receiving contraception compared to cases with endometriosis without contraception. PMID: 27071964
37. Risk-reducing clusterin genotypes protect against the consequences of poor vascular health on executive function performance and change in older adults without dementia. PMID: 27143425
38. Addition of the minor allele for rs670139 (MS4A4E), rs9331896 (CLU), and rs12155159 (NME8) was nominally associated with change on the DWRT, DSST, and WFT, respectively, in whites. For rs670139 and rs9331896 the association was only significant in individuals bearing at least one APOE 4 allele in stratified analyses. PMID: 27781389
39. CLU expression is related to the cellular type and inversely correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases in medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID: 28411179
40. Melittin is capable of suppressing tumor growth and promoting gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas by downregulating cholesterol pathway gene CLU. PMID: 28428074
41. Data show that ELOVL7, SOCS3, ACSL4 and CLU were upregulated while PRKAR1A and ABCG1 were downregulated in the phlegm-dampness group. PMID: 27928700
42. Both CLU and PLXNA4 have been genetically associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk and our data thus provide a direct relationship between two AD risk genes. Our data suggest that increasing the levels of PLXNA4 or targeting CLU-PLXNA4 interactions may have therapeutic value in AD. PMID: 27378688
43. Although further studies are required to determine how clusterin suppresses non-specific cellular uptake in phagocytes, our data suggest that clusterin plays a key role in the stealth effect of not only pegylated nanoparticles but also non-pegylated nanoparticles. PMID: 27983983
44. the initial rapid aggregation of LDL(-) is apparently counterbalanced by the stabilizing effects of minor proteins such as apoA-I and apoJ. These results help identify key determinants for LDL aggregation, fusion and coalescence into lipid droplets in vivo. PMID: 27233433
45. The rs9331888 "GG" genotype in patients and the "CC" genotype in controls were significantly higher in non-4 allele carriers of APOE The haplotype analysis showed the CLU "GCG" haplotype was a risk haplotype. PMID: 27076484
46. Study explored the common effects of the clusterin (CLU) rs11136000 variant on the default mode network (DMN) in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects and remitted geriatric depression (RGD) subjects. The CLU rs11136000 variant could consistently affect the changing of DMN patterns of aMCI and RGD subjects in the frontal cortex. PMID: 28233427
47. Findings indicate that in Alzheimer's disease, clusterin increases, particularly in regions with most abundant Abeta, but because the increase does not match the rising level of Abeta42, the molar ratio of clusterin : Abeta42 in those regions falls, probably contributing to Abeta deposition within the tissue PMID: 27248362
48. possible local regulatory role for clusterin in the adipose tissue rather than its systemic involvement in the regulation of energy homeostasis PMID: 27070750
49. Study identified significant association of the CLU rs9331888 polymorphism with Alzheimer's disease susceptibility in Caucasian population but not in East Asian population (Meta-analysis). PMID: 25633098
50. Our results suggest clusterin plays a role in modulating the inflammatory response of acute and chronic traumatic brain injury and that it is a useful marker for TBI, particularly in cases with short survival times. Its prominent accumulation in astrocytes, alongside a mounting inflammatory response and activation of microglial cells supports a potential role in the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a result of TBI. PMID: 27365216

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[Isoform 1]: Secreted.; [Isoform 4]: Cytoplasm.; [Isoform 6]: Cytoplasm.; Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytosol. Microsome. Endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion membrane. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, chromaffin granule.

Clusterin family

Detected in blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, seminal plasma and colon mucosa. Detected in the germinal center of colon lymphoid nodules and in colon parasympathetic ganglia of the Auerbach plexus (at protein level). Ubiquitous. Detected in brain,

HGNC: 2095

OMIM: 185430

KEGG: hsa:1191

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000315130

UniGene: Hs.436657