Human cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2 ELISA Kit

Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons. Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins. In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids. Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response. Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols. Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation. Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2. In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection. In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia.

1. SND1 may act as a potential biomarker of the therapeutic strategies utilizing COX2 inhibitors. PMID: 30365124
2. s showed that mRNA and protein levels of COX2 and HER2 were upregulated in CRC compared with the adjacent tissues. COX2 protein levels and nuclear COX2 expression were correlated with a poor prognosis of CRC patients. COX2 expression was positively associated with HER2 expression. PMID: 29873317
3. PTGS2 polymorphisms were associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with HCV mono-Infection and HCV/HIV Co-Infection. PMID: 30139224
4. An unrecognized cellular interaction between follicular dendritic cells and B cells leading to COX-2 expression during immune inflammatory responses. PMID: 29241029
5. Neuronal SphK1 acetylates COX2 and contributes to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease patients and in a transgenic mouse model. PMID: 29662056
6. miR-137 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cells by targeting COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway. PMID: 29945115
7. Dual governing of YAP and COX-2 may lead to the discovery of promising therapeutic strategies for HCC patients. PMID: 29505957
8. COX-2 expression was positively associated with the recurrence and a poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 29956730
9. COX-2 is an important factor for Dengue virus replication. PMID: 28317866
10. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces COX-2-mediated IL-6 expression. NADPH oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species is involved in Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced COX-2 expression. PMID: 30229288
11. results support a critical role of ATF6alpha in the establishment and maintenance of cellular senescence in normal human fibroblasts via the up-regulation of a COX2/PGE2 intracrine pathway. PMID: 28803844
12. High PTGS2 expression is associated with Breast Carcinoma. PMID: 30051683
13. concluded that COX-2 gene rs5275 variant contributes to Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk in a Chinese population PMID: 30087034
14. COX2 and YAP1 signaling pathways are connected with each other to induce SOX2 expression, cancer stem cell enrichment, and acquired resistance to chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. PMID: 29180467
15. No significant association between COX-2 8473 T > C polymorphism and cancer risk was detected. PMID: 30143023
16. The results revealed that TLR4 and COX-2 were upregulated in PCa tissues; silencing of TLR4 or COX-2 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PMID: 30098292
17. Results describe a novel role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mediating the TGFbeta effects on breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) properties and imply that targeting the COX-2 pathway may prove useful for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer by eliminating BCSCs. PMID: 28054666
18. the effects of miR-101 inhibition on tumor growth were suppressed by COX-2 inhibition. PMID: 29404887
19. Low PTGS2 expression is associated with Invasive Breast Carcinoma. PMID: 28808873
20. rs2243250 (IL4) and rs5275 (PTGS2) were found to be significantly associated with shorter renal cell cancer-specific survival (CSS). PMID: 28117391
21. meta-analysis demonstrated that COX-2 rs5275 and rs689466 polymorphism significantly decrease the risk of lung cancer in Asians but not in Caucasians, indicating COX-2 could serve as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer PMID: 30170377
22. meta-analysis of association between 765G/C polymorphism and periodontitis in Chinese population PMID: 29514641
23. Through downregulation of COX-2 expression in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. PMID: 29901169
24. Patients with a high expression of COX-2 in baseline tumor biopsies had less response to treatment of pathology compared to patients with lower expression of COX-2 in baseline tumor biopsies. PMID: 29893307
25. Studied the association between integrin subunit alpha 2 (GPIa) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) genetic polymorphisms in Chinese ishemic stroke patients with or without aspirin resistance. PMID: 28948649
26. COX-2 was significantly associated with a lower 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate PMID: 29559247
27. The polymorphism in the COX2 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer, specially rectosigmoid tumors PMID: 29257846
28. demonstrate the unregulated expression of ANXA1 and COX-2 in precursor lesions of esophageal and stomach cancers PMID: 29254791
29. The cytotoxicity induced by EB1 gene knockdown was due to the activation and generation of reactive oxygen species by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase..this signaling cascade, however not nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated signaling, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, a key effector of apoptotic death. PMID: 29484424
30. High COX2 expression is associated with Ras and BRAF mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PMID: 28188432
31. High COX2 expression is associated with ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. PMID: 28677781
32. hypothesize that lower transcript levels of PTGS2 in cumulus cells may be involved in the impairment of oocyte quality, suggesting a possible mechanism involved in disease-related infertility PMID: 28734688
33. Results suggest that a significant correlation exists in Japan between the COX-2 1195 G-carrier genotype and intestinal metaplasia in histological and endoscopic findings based on Kyoto classification in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. PMID: 28946145
34. activated Ras, protumorigenic COX-2 and Notch1 have roles in in papillary mucinous neoplasm onset PMID: 27381829
35. TGF-beta1 increased the COX-2 and PGE2 level of cultured pulp cells. The effect of TGF-beta1 on COX-2 protein expression was associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK pathways. PMID: 28779848
36. Culinary herbs and spices prevent the growth of HCA-7 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells and inhibit their COX-2 expression. PMID: 28934138
37. medical use of COX inhibitors in glioblastoma treatment has been limited due to their well-documented vascular toxicity and inconsistent outcomes from recent human studies. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as a principal mediator for COX-2 cascade-driven gliomagenesis PMID: 28718447
38. COX2 inversely regulated Notch1 in gastric cancer and partially depended on the Notch1 signalling pathway in altering the expression of Snail. PMID: 28586004
39. Based on the contribution maps from the three techniques, it can be concluded that both the benzenesulfonyl group and the central five-membered ring - having a high-electronegativity functional group or atom or having a substituent hydrogen bonding acceptor - contribute positively to the selective inhibition of COX-2 PMID: 27145042
40. Findings demonstrate that COX-2 and p-Akt1 play an important combined role during melanoma progression and are associated with highly metastatic tumors and survival rates in patients with MM. PMID: 28604419
41. Results suggest that higher COX-2 expression may be a negative prognostic factor in conjunctival melanoma. Further studies can address the potential use of anti-COX-2 drugs as adjuvant therapy of this disease. PMID: 29297092
42. activation of ERK1/2 signaling was required for hCG-induced up-regulation of SPRY2 expression. Further, SPRY2 knockdown attenuated the AREG-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production by inhibiting AREG-activated ERK1/2 signaling. PMID: 27539669
43. COX-2 was elevated in glioma tissues and its expression was negatively correlated with the levels of miR-128. These findings may establish miR-128 as a new potential target for the treatment of patients with gliomas. PMID: 29524580
44. Post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 mRNAs translation by SGs indicates a role in IL-1beta-mediated catabolic response that could be therapeutically targeted in Osteoarthritis. PMID: 27271770
45. Results show that in influenza A viruses (IAV)-infected cells, COX-2 expression is regulated. While the protein is induced at early time of infection, via recognition of IAV vRNA by RIG-I, COX-2 expression is reduced again during on-going replication due to destabilization of its mRNA by IAV-induced TTP. PMID: 27265729
46. Our results highlight the role of COX-2 in constitutive IDO1 expression by human tumors and substantiate the use of COX-2 inhibitors to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, by reducing constitutive IDO1 expression, which contributes to the lack of T-cell infiltration in "cold" tumors, which fail to respond to immunotherapy PMID: 28765120
47. Chinese population with GG genotype of COX-2 gene polymorphism rs689466 have higher risk to develope post-traumatic osteomyelitis. PMID: 28682162
48. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal is a natural inducer of COX-2 in atherosclerosis. (Review) PMID: 28192229
49. RhoA and COX-2 were upregulated in early gastric cancer tissues, which facilitated the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. PMID: 28624843
50. LXR gene expression was significantly increased in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The severity of OSAHS was positively correlated with COX-2 levels. PMID: 28676625

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Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.

Prostaglandin G/H synthase family

HGNC: 9605

OMIM: 600262

KEGG: hsa:5743

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356438

UniGene: Hs.196384