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  4. Human granulysin,GNLY ELISA Kit

Human granulysin,GNLY ELISA Kit

  • 中文名称：
    人颗粒溶素(GNLY)酶联免疫试剂盒
  • 货号：
    CSB-E09936h
  • 规格：
    96T/48T
  • 价格：
    ￥3600/￥2500
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 产品描述：

    The product CSB-E09936h is a sandwich ELISA kit developed to measure levels of human granulysin (GNLY) in the samples. This assay uses the sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique in combination with the enzyme-substrate chromogenic reaction to quantify the analyte in the sample. The color develops positively to the amount of GNLY in samples. The color intensity is measured at 450 nm via a microplate reader.

    GNLY is a cytolytic and proinflammatory molecule expressed by activated human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells release GNLY very early in immune responses, whereas CTLs release it after 3-5 days of activation. GNLY has cytolytic activity against microbes and tumors. Normal values of GNLY in the serum of healthy persons are 3.7 ±3.2 ng/ml. An increase in GNLY expression and levels in tissue and serum has been found in infections, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and graft versus host reaction in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Abnormal serum levels of GNLY in lymphomas with NK and cytotoxic phenotype have been shown to correlate with tumor progression.

  • 别名：
    519 ELISA Kit; D2S69E ELISA Kit; GNLY ELISA Kit; GNLY_HUMAN ELISA Kit; Granulysin ELISA Kit; Granulysin precursor ELISA Kit; LAG 2 ELISA Kit; LAG2 ELISA Kit; Lymphocyte activation gene 2 ELISA Kit; Lymphokine LAG 2 ELISA Kit; Lymphokine LAG-2 ELISA Kit; NKG 5 ELISA Kit; NKG5 ELISA Kit; Protein NKG5 ELISA Kit; T cell activation protein 519 ELISA Kit; T lymphocyte activation gene 519 ELISA Kit; T-cell activation protein 519 ELISA Kit; TLA519 ELISA Kit
  • 缩写：
    GNLY
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 样本类型：
  • 检测范围：
  • 灵敏度：
  • 反应时间：
    1-5h
  • 样本体积：
    50-100ul
  • 检测波长：
    450 nm
  • 研究领域：
    Immunology
  • 测定原理：
    quantitative
  • 测定方法：
    Sandwich
  • 精密度：

      

  • 数据处理：
  • 货期：
    3-5 working days

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Antimicrobial protein that kills intracellular pathogens. Active against a broad range of microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. The results suggest granulysin as a novel marker for a subset of cytotoxic natural killer cell derived malignancies PMID: 30151671
    2. These results suggest that the 15 kDa granulysin exhibits a novel mechanism in bacteria killing in a way that's different from most antimicrobial peptides. PMID: 27276051
    3. Decreased blood granulysin at the protein level, is linked to the immunological condition of latent tuberculosis infection. PMID: 27756230
    4. Carbamate pesticides significantly reduced the intracellular levels of perforin, GrA, GrB, Gr3/K, and GRN in NK-92CI cells. PMID: 25921628
    5. serum GNLY is closely associated with the clinical characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and may be a potential biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma PMID: 26751807
    6. GNLY delivers Gzms into three protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major), in which the Gzms generate superoxide and inactivate oxidative defense enzymes to kill the parasite. PMID: 26752517
    7. Studies indicate that cytotoxic mechanisms mediated by granulysin and TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) seem to be less secondary effects on normal tissues. PMID: 26314314
    8. High Granulysin expression is associated with Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma and Sezary Syndrome. PMID: 26225678
    9. A three-way interaction between SNPs in HLA-DQ and GNLY was identified in terms of HBV clearance. PMID: 25644528
    10. GNLY-expressing lymphocytes, probably attracted by IL-15, not only participate partially in myocardial cell apoptosis, but also hasten resolution of cardiac leukocyte infiltration in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID: 21967803
    11. Peptides encoded by this gene display antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, C. neoformans, C. albicans, L. major, and M. tuberculosis. PMID: 10644038
    12. Serum granulysin levels were significantly elevated in both acute and chronic alopecia areata patients. PMID: 24035442
    13. Human, but not rodent, cytotoxic granules also contain granulysin, an antimicrobial peptide in addition to granzymes; study shows that granulysin delivers granzymes into bacteria to kill diverse bacterial strains. PMID: 24906149
    14. It was concluded taht granulysin induces apoptosis on hematological tumor cells and on cells from B-cell lymphocytic leukemia patients, opening the door to research on its use as a new anti-tumoral treatment. PMID: 24269628
    15. suggested that the alteration of circulating granulysin has potential function in host immune response against TB and HIV/TB coinfection PMID: 23801887
    16. study to determine: expression of GNLY at the gene and protein levels at the maternal-fetal interface, relationship(s) between GNLY and perforin, and GNLY secretion by stimulated NK cells PMID: 23399514
    17. Granulysin is closely associated with the characteristics of NK-cell neoplasms and serum granulysin may serve as a novel biomarker for these disorders. PMID: 22890551
    18. GNLY polymorphism genotypes and diplotypes were associated with the chronicity of HBV PMID: 22788687
    19. recombinant 15 kDa granulysin is not cytolytic but is a potent inducer of monocytic differentiation to dendritic cells PMID: 22586033
    20. Proliferating memory T cells (CFSE(low)CD4(+)CD45RO(+)) were identified as main source of granulysin and these cells expressed both central and effector memory phenotype PMID: 22216262
    21. Findings suggest that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell-mediated production of granulysin as an underestimated immune effector in malaria. PMID: 22045985
    22. Granulysin is expressed at different levels in multiple cutaneous adverse drug reactions both by NKp46(+) cells and by CD8(+) T cells. PMID: 21819408
    23. All these data clearly show the abundant expression and spontaneous secretion of GNLY by decidual NK cells during first trimester pregnancy. PMID: 21623991
    24. Gene expression profiles of monocytes cultured with 15 kDa Granulysin or GM-CSF for 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours were analysed to unravel both similarities and differences between the effects of these stimulators. PMID: 21501511
    25. Cytotoxic T- and natural killer (NK) cell-delivered transgenic granulysin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, activating caspase-7 and distinct apoptotic pathways in target cells. PMID: 21296981
    26. Both 9- and 15-kDa forms of recombinant GNLY-induced in vitro chemotaxis and activation of both human and mouse dendritic cells. PMID: 20660289
    27. these data provide details about the complex regulation leading to granulysin expression and anticryptococcal activity in primary CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 20889547
    28. The megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line CMK, from a Down's syndromept, expressed granulysin mRNA, suggesting that GNLY is occasionally present in immature multilineage cells or may be characteristic of leukemic cells obtained from Down's syndrome pts. PMID: 12145461
    29. Up-regulation of granulysin in primary CD8 T cells correlates with the acquisition of anticryptococcal activity, which can be blocked by specific inhibition of granulysin. PMID: 12421959
    30. Sequence analysis of this gene do not support it as a candidate gene for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. PMID: 12483306
    31. Data report the initial crystal structure of selenomethionyl granulysin by MAD phasing at 2A resolution. PMID: 12488100
    32. Granulysin is detected in a granular pattern in the cytoplasm of alpha GalCer-activated NKT cells consistent with their presence within cytotoxic granules and suggests that these cells can mediate antimicrobial activity. PMID: 12626573
    33. mRNA expression measurement of granulysin in urinary cells of renal allograft ents allows the early noninvasive detection of ongoing acute rejection. PMID: 15223905
    34. granulysin was found exclusively in endosomal-phagosomal vesicles; lipid raft microdomains, enriched in the immunological synapse, may thus enhance uptake and transfer of granulysin into bacterial infected host cells PMID: 15778384
    35. Granulysin not only contributes to innate immunity but also to adaptive immunity as it attracts and activates human monocytes, dendritic, natural killer (NK) and T cells. PMID: 15843520
    36. Granulysin expression in CD8 cells seems to be correlated with steroid resistance in polymyositis PMID: 16980658
    37. These cells use granulysin as the effector molecule, and priming is dysregulated in HIV-infected patients, which results in defective microbicidal activity PMID: 17038537
    38. This study shows that the regulation of granulysin synthesis in response to IL-2 or bacterial antigen stimulation occurs at several levels: RNA expression, extensive alternative splicing and posttranslational processing. PMID: 17596262
    39. Serum granulysin is elevated in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis PMID: 18192122
    40. study found PI3K & STAT5 signaling pathways are required for granulysin expression & IL-2Rbeta induction & IL-2Rbeta induction is a prerequisite for granulysin expression; both signaling pathways are defective in CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients PMID: 18490721
    41. Increased expression in pbmc and elevated serum levels correlated with the severity of primary biliary cirrhosis PMID: 18584314
    42. granulysin is involved in spontaneous abortion. PMID: 18688023
    43. Granulysin in the blister fluids was a 15-kDa secretory form PMID: 19029983
    44. serum granulysin is a novel parameter of patients cancer immunity PMID: 19106590
    45. Results demonstrate the localization and effect of intracellularly expressed granulysin on non-native cancer cells and indicate its potential utility in gene therapy for cancer. PMID: 19111751
    46. High granulysin mrna expression is associated with systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. PMID: 19243819
    47. Granulysin can target lysosomes to induce partial release of lysosomal contents into the cytosol; relocalized lysosomal cathepsin B can process Bid to active tBid to cause cytochrome c and apoptosis-activating factor release from mitochondria. PMID: 19454696
    48. HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells may reduce the antimicrobial profile of activated CD8+ T cells by disrupting signaling events that are critical for the induction of granulysin. PMID: 19687290
    49. GLS/IL-12-modified Mycobacterium smegmatis as a novel anti-tuberculosis immunotherapeutic vaccine. PMID: 19861007
    50. This molecule activates a pathway of CTL- and NK cell-mediated death via disruption of cell and mitochondrial membranes. This is a distinct pathway from granzyme- and death receptor-induced apoptosis. PMID: 11418670

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  • 亚细胞定位：
    Secreted. Note=Located in the cytotoxic granules of T-cells, which are released upon antigen stimulation.
  • 组织特异性：
    Expressed in natural killer and T-cells.
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 4414

    OMIM: 188855

    KEGG: hsa:10578

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000263863

    UniGene: Hs.105806