Mouse Interleukin-34(IL34) ELISA kit

Cytokine that promotes the proliferation, survival and differentiation of monocytes and macrophages. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, and in the regulation of bone resorption. Signaling via CSF1R and its downstream effectors stimulates phosphorylation of MAPK1/ERK2 AND MAPK3/ERK1.

1. The current study aimed to assess the IL-34 expression in response to two members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family, TGF-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, in synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 27865758
2. study concludes that Langerhans cells require IL-34 when residing in fully differentiated and anatomically intact skin epidermis, but rely on neutrophil-derived CSF1 during inflammation PMID: 26634935
3. constitutive IL-34 expressed by skin keratinocytes might suppress resident macrophage responses to C. albicans colonisation by maintaining low levels TLR2 and Dectin-1 expression by macrophages. PMID: 26146640
4. IL-34 protected blood-brain barrier integrity by restored expression levels of tight junction proteins, which were downregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. PMID: 25535736
5. IL-34-dependent, Mo-mediated, CSF-1 nonredundant mechanisms promote persistent ischemia-incited AKI that worsens subsequent CKD. PMID: 26121749
6. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that IL-34 expression is regulated by TNF-a and IL-1b and that its overexpression is associated with an increase in osteosarcoma growth and metastasis. PMID: 25471534
7. the expression pattern of IL-34 in ileum and colon and suggest IL-34 as a new modulator of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease PMID: 25896238
8. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces IL-34 expression via NF-kappaB in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. PMID: 24970360
9. These findings suggest that TGF-beta produced by IL-34-treated microglia is a negative regulator of microglial proliferation and enhances the neuroprotective property of microglia. PMID: 22985514
10. Differentiated signaling between IL-34 and CSF-1 is likely achieved by the relative thermodynamic independence of IL-34 versus negative cooperativity of CSF-1 at the CSF-1 receptor recognition sites. PMID: 22579672
11. IL-34 as a nonredundant cytokine for the development of Langerhans cells during embryogenesis as well as for their homeostasis in the adult skin. PMID: 23177320
12. IL-34 specifically directs the differentiation of myeloid cells in the skin epidermis and central nervous system. PMID: 22729249
13. Postnatal neocortical expression showed that CSF-1 was expressed in layer VI, whereas IL-34 was expressed in the meninges and layers II-V. The broader expression of IL-34 is consistent with its previously implicated role in microglial development. PMID: 22542597
14. The function of Interleukin-34 (IL-34), a newly discovered cytokine, on microglia was examined. PMID: 21872563
15. This study was to explore the biological function, specifically osteoclastogenesis and bone metabolism, of il-34. PMID: 21494622
16. The different spatiotemporal expression of IL-34 and CSF-1 allows for complementary activation of the CSF-1R in developing and adult tissues. PMID: 20504948

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Secreted.

IL-34 family

KEGG: mmu:76527

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000076120

UniGene: Mm.77697