Rat Orexin A ELISA Kit

Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. A modulation effect on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion also suggests a more minor contribution to the regulation of reproductive function. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity.

1. This study demonstrated for the first time that DOCA/salt hypertension modulates ORX gene expression in the brain and suggest that changes in expression in the ORX system may occur directly or indirectly via aldosterone-induced changes in Per1 expression PMID: 29246398
2. Study suggests that orexin-A, via increasing the activity of locus coeruleus neurons, mediates the induction of some morphine withdrawal-like signs independent of morphine dependence. PMID: 28093335
3. The results confirm a rostral hotspot in nucleus accumbens medial shell as a unique site for orexin induction of hedonic 'liking' enhancement, similar to opioid enhancement. PMID: 26787120
4. A functional link between AMPK and orexin mediates the effect of BMP8B on energy balance. PMID: 27524625
5. Hypoxia and hypercapnia conditions in hypothalamus rapidly inactivates orexin neurons. PMID: 27559138
6. Together, our data suggest that OX1R activity in the VTA facilitates food intake, potentially by counteracting postingestive negative feedback that would normally suppress feeding later in a meal. PMID: 27385732
7. Data show that neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-2 (NERP-2)-induced gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying were blocked by an orexin 1 receptor antagonist, SB334867. PMID: 28213131
8. Recent exposure to methamphetamine is associated with increased serum levels of orexin-A. PMID: 27137956
9. Orexin-A plays an important role in promoting gastric motility via lateral hypothalamic area. The paraventricular nucleus may be involved in regulation of lateral hypothalamic area on gastric motility. PMID: 26919916
10. Orexin-A plays a promotive role in the emergence of isoflurane anesthesia and this effect is mediated by the basal forebrain. PMID: 26919917
11. orexin-A could regulate activities of gastric distention -sensitive neurons and gastric motility PMID: 27080329
12. Dynamic upregulation of orexin A signaling, via the AKT pathway in the dentate gyrus, may promote the acquisition and maintenance of opioid-induced craving behaviors and may increase sensitivity to the rewarding effect of subsequent opioids. PMID: 25757577
13. Data demonstrates differences in circadian variation of hypocretin-1 peptide levels in frontal and caudal mouse brain areas. PMID: 26415770
14. Orexin neurons responded differentially to auditory cues associated with appetitive behaviors. PMID: 26843654
15. This study found that hypothalamic pp-orexin/Hcrt mRNA expression and hypothalamic OX1R mRNA expression increased and decreased, respectively, during development in both male and female rats PMID: 26287582
16. the spinal actions of orexin-A underlie orexin-A-induced antinociceptive effects via different subtypes of orexin receptors. PMID: 26254164
17. Results show that that the delayed emergence from isoflurane anesthesia after sleep deprivation is controlled by orexinergic neuron activity; orexin-A administration partially restored the emergence time that was prolonged by sleep deprivation PMID: 25678147
18. Heroin abstinence-associated alterations of hypothalamic orexin expression may be involved in drug priming-induced heroin-seeking. PMID: 25446223
19. Orexin A activates hypoglossal motoneurons and enhances genioglossus muscle activity in rats PMID: 24846570
20. This study demonistrated that Hcrt and Melanin-concentrating hormone colization in neuron in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and zona incerta (ZI), but MCHR1 mRNA is widely expressed throughout the brain. PMID: 24978951
21. review summarizes evidence how the orexin/hypocretin system integrates cues to regulate energy intake that can then be used to generate sufficient arousal to perform behaviors. PMID: 24821311
22. We have identified the perfornical hypothalamus as a glucoregulatory region where both 5-HT and orexin modulate the counterregulatory response and feeding responses to glucoprivation. PMID: 25114294
23. ORX-A neurons play a role in the short-term regulation of food intake in rats. PMID: 24676683
24. Results suggest that fasting-induced central OXA release influenced conditioned odor aversion learning by increasing not only olfactory sensitivity, but also the memory processes underlying the odor-malaise association PMID: 24634353
25. Orexins modify orexin receptor gene expression and gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary gland. PMID: 24333629
26. our results fail to support a role for hypocretins in acute modulation of glutamate receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens PMID: 24262606
27. Ghrelin, orexin-A, and nesfatin-1 play an essential role in the healing process of chronic gastric ulcers. PMID: 24304576
28. OX1R positive cells and NAD(P)H oxidative subunit gp91phox or p47phox-immunoreactive (IR) cells were co-localized in rostral ventrolateral medulla. PMID: 23922819
29. Modification of orexin expression on mesolimbic circuitry may contribute to the reported changes in motivated behaviors related to food and drug reward observed in offspring prenatally exposed to nicotine. PMID: 23664126
30. Orexin acts upstream of the amygdala via the noradrenergic locus coeruleus to enable threat (fear) learning. PMID: 24277819
31. orexin-A activates hypothalamic AMPK signaling through a Ca(2)-dependent mechanism involving the voltage-gated L-type calcium channel, which may serve as a potential target for regulating feeding behavior. PMID: 24068427
32. The conclude of this study that ORX cells in PeF and LH exhibit self sustained oscillations driven by food-entrainment, whereas the DMH may mediate arousal mechanisms that elicit anticipatory activity. PMID: 23558307
33. Data suggest that appetite regulation is dependent on action of orexin-A and requires an intact growth hormone axis, that is functioning pituitary gland with sufficient secretion of growth hormone. PMID: 23861376
34. Orexin A participates in the central regulation of cardiovascular activities in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, which may be induced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide. PMID: 23147417
35. High-activity rats showed higher expression of prepro-orexin mRNA, higher sensitivity to behavioral effects of orexin injection, higher basal energy expenditure and were more resistant to obesity caused by high-fat diet consumption. PMID: 23404834
36. Orexin expression was increased in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus in alcohol drinking rats with high activity compared to low activity. PMID: 22725682
37. These results suggest a role for orexin in cue-induced feeding that occurs in the absence of physiological hunger. PMID: 22922124
38. Neuropeptide S promotes c-Fos expression in orexinergic neurons, thereby increasing significant wakefulness. PMID: 22300983
39. Our data support the hypothesis that orexin A (OxA) may promote obesity resistance both by increasing spontaneous physical activity, and by influencing survival of OxA-responsive hypothalamic neurons. PMID: 22796468
40. These findings suggest that orexin and dynorphin function may be imbalanced between the hypothalamus and mesocortical dopaminergic brain regions in depression. PMID: 22626650
41. the orexin system may be involved in aspects of genetically-mediated differences in vulnerability to compulsive, reward-driven behaviors. PMID: 22668854
42. Orexin A administration differently affected fronto-occipital EEG waves in the different frequency bands recorded for 24 hours. Delta (1-4 Hz) and alpha (10-16 Hz) power decreased, while theta (4-10 Hz) and beta (16-48 Hz) power increased. PMID: 22982721
43. The direct excitatory action of orexin-A on layer 2/3 mPFC neurons may contribute to the modulation of the prefrontal cortex activity, and play a role in cognitive arousal. PMID: 22617634
44. these data highlight the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus as a critical site capable of mediating orexin action on brain dopamine and reward-based feeding. PMID: 22433299
45. critical role of OXA signalling, via OX1R, in activation of brain stress system to morphine withdrawal and suggest that all orexinergic subpopulations in the lateral hypothalamic area contribute in this response. PMID: 22590628
46. orexin-A facilitates GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents likely by activating preceding GABAergic neurons that project to Cardiac vagal neurons PMID: 22390944
47. Orexin A modulates hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission directly and transsynaptically in young rats. Aged rats are unresponsive to orexin A. Aged rats undergo intrinsic reduction in orexin innervation to cholinergic cells within the medial septum. PMID: 22213437
48. Activation of hypocretin-1 receptors produces a dose-dependent and long-term facilitation of GABAergic postsynaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus. PMID: 21134420
49. OXA plays a role in the network development as a synaptogenic factor. PMID: 21739363
50. Activation of a major hypocretin sleep/wake regulatory pathway is attenuated in old rats. PMID: 19781813

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Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Note=Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses.

Orexin family

Produced by a small group of neurons restricted to the lateral and posterior hypothalamus and perifornical areas. Positive neurons project widely throughout the entire neuroaxis. Particularly abundant projections in the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hi

KEGG: rno:25723

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000025547

UniGene: Rn.7628