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  4. GLUL Antibody

GLUL Antibody

  • 货号：
    CSB-PA004642
  • 规格：
    ￥880
  • 图片：
    • Western Blot analysis of K562 cells using Gl Syn Polyclonal Antibody
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • Uniprot No.：
    P15104
  • 基因名：
  • 别名：
    cell proliferation-inducing protein 59 antibody; Cgl2214 antibody; GLNA antibody; GLNA_HUMAN antibody; GLNS antibody; GLUL antibody; Glutamate ammonia ligase antibody; Glutamate decarboxylase antibody; Glutamate--ammonia ligase antibody; glutamine synthase antibody; Glutamine synthetase antibody; glutamine synthetase I antibody; GS antibody; PIG 43 antibody; PIG 59 antibody; PIG43 antibody; PIG59 antibody; Proliferation inducing protein 43 antibody
  • 宿主：
    Rabbit
  • 反应种属：
    Human,Mouse,Rat
  • 免疫原：
    Synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of Human Gl Syn.
  • 免疫原种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 标记方式：
    Non-conjugated
  • 抗体亚型：
    IgG
  • 纯化方式：
    The antibody was affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogen.
  • 浓度：
    It differs from different batches. Please contact us to confirm it.
  • 保存缓冲液：
    Liquid in PBS containing 50% glycerol, 0.5% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Liquid
  • 应用范围：
    WB, ELISA
  • 推荐稀释比：
    Application Recommended Dilution
    WB 1:500-1:2000
    ELISA 1:20000
  • Protocols：
  • 储存条件：
    Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
  • 货期：
    Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia. Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane localization and activation of the GTPase RHOJ, possibly by promoting RHOJ palmitoylation. May act as a palmitoyltransferase for RHOJ: able to autopalmitoylate and then transfer the palmitoyl group to RHOJ. Plays a role in ribosomal 40S subunit biogenesis.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. findings reveal that, in addition to the known formation of glutamine, the enzyme glutamine synthetase shows unknown activity in endothelial cell migration during pathological angiogenesis through RHOJ palmitoylation PMID: 30158707
    2. In silico analysis potentially links GLUL SNPs with major depression disorder. PMID: 29441491
    3. The SNP rs10911021 near glutamate-ammonia ligase is associated with oxidative stress in coronary heart disease patients from Pakistan. PMID: 29304826
    4. ASCT2 was significantly overexpressed in the gastric cancer (GC) samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa, in contrast, a significantly higher level of glutamine synthetase (GS) expression was observed in normal tissues than in GC samples compared with adjacent non-cancerous gastric mucosa. PMID: 29435734
    5. The data identify GS activity as mediator of the proangiogenic, immunosuppressive, and pro-metastatic function of M2-like macrophages and highlight the possibility of targeting this enzyme in the treatment of cancer metastasis. PMID: 28813676
    6. Data show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) downregulation of glutamine synthetase (GLUL; GS)) was sufficient to reduce abundance and enzyme activity of GS. PMID: 29029014
    7. genome-wide association study to identify genetic factors for familial hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma; results identified 2 large effect susceptible haplotypes located at GLUL and SLC13A2/FOXN1 PMID: 28662289
    8. GLUL knockdown markedly inhibited the p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways in cultured breast cancer cells and reduces their proliferation. PMID: 27791265
    9. co-targeting glutamine synthetase in stroma and glutaminase in cancer cells reduces tumor weight, nodules, and metastasis. PMID: 27829138
    10. This study demonstrated that Influence of glutamine synthetase gene polymorphisms on the development of hyperammonemia during valproic acid-based therapy. PMID: 26599579
    11. GS is acetylated at lysines 11 and 14, yielding a degron that is necessary and sufficient for binding and ubiquitylation by CRL4(CRBN) and degradation by the proteasome. PMID: 26990986
    12. Studied molecular mechanisms of glutamine synthetase mutations that lead to clinically relevant pathologies. PMID: 26836257
    13. GLUL rs10911021 is associated prospectively with adjudicated cardiovascular composite end points among overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. PMID: 26395743
    14. Data show that glutamine synthetase (GS) produces glutamine (Gln) from tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle-derived carbons. PMID: 26595383
    15. findings point to SNP rs10911021 of GLULas an independent modulator of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes PMID: 25677913
    16. Results highlight the diagnostic errors that can be caused by variant patterns of staining with glutamine synthetase and serum amyloid-associated protein in inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. PMID: 23807780
    17. High Glutamine synthetase expression is associated with epilepsy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme. PMID: 23410662
    18. Glutamine synthetase expression is increased in regenerating hepatocytes and in early hepatocyte progenitor cells prior to morphological evidence of hepatocellular differentiation. PMID: 23362937
    19. through a 3-stage genome-wide association study in 4188 type 2 diabetic patients, identified a novel susceptibility locus for coronary heart disease in the region of the GLUL gene PMID: 23982368
    20. these results suggest that GLUL contributes to pancreatic regeneration. PMID: 22930410
    21. The presence of GS in the post-acrosomal region of the perinuclear theca suggests that human sperm can carry out in glutamine synthesis. PMID: 22777743
    22. Data show that the acidification followed by neutralisation (AFBN) pre-treatment protocol for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) significantly enhances the measurement of glutamine synthetase (GS) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in CSF. PMID: 22542401
    23. This study suggests that serum glutamine synthetase levels have no diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 21597934
    24. glutamine synthetase expression can be used to distinguish astrocytic from oligodendroglial tumors and may play a role in the pathogenesis of astrocytomas. PMID: 21682567
    25. The Glul can serve as novel target in diabetes mellitus genetic therapy. PMID: 20536387
    26. Glutamine synthetase was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and may be a novel marker for early diagnosis. PMID: 20525558
    27. Standard histology and glutamine synthase status identify a hepatocellular carcinoma subset with distinct clinical and pathologic features. PMID: 20233882
    28. 2D fingerprinting & mass spectrometry reveal specific targets of protein oxidation in Alzheimer's disease brain, including glutamine synthase, suggesting involvement of oxidatively modified proteins in neurodegeneration. PMID: 12160938
    29. The detection of a significantly reduced enzymatic activity in the epileptic amygdala supports the assumption that the enzyme defect is localized to the epileptic mesial temporal lobe of corresponding patients. PMID: 16095760
    30. Liver tissue samples from HCV-HCC cancerous tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues from patients showed three protein spots of the same molecular mass (42 kDa), whose expression increased in well-differentiated cancerous tissues. PMID: 16609938
    31. In myocytes and hepatomas, but not in adipocytes, glutamine acts to moderate glutamine synthetase induction by glucocorticoids. PMID: 17197094
    32. We confirmed the induction of GS expression by dexamethasone published previously. Components of the glutamatergic system may play a role in bone pathophysiology PMID: 17627080
    33. Crystal structure of GLUL illustrates substrate-induced conformational change and provides opportunities for drug and herbicide design. PMID: 18005987
    34. in solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas glutamine synthetase expression is highly correlated with Wnt/beta-catenin activation, demonstrating its faithfulness as a Wnt target gene PMID: 18192886
    35. glutamine synthetase has a role in control of glutamate signalling through Wnt3A and steroid pathways in osteoblastic cells PMID: 18555765
    36. Glutamine synthetase can be found during early human fetal stages when it displays a significant effect on cell proliferation PMID: 18662667
    37. This study suggests that seizures in GBM are coupled with a highly localized glutamine synthetase deficiency. PMID: 19183851
    38. GS localization was investigated using immunohistochemistry and double-labeling of young and adult human and rat skin sections as well as skin cells in culture. PMID: 19204801
    39. GS mRNA and protein expression was not different between normal and fetal growth restriction pregnancy PMID: 19500843

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  • 相关疾病：
    Congenital systemic glutamine deficiency (CSGD)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Cytoplasm, cytosol. Microsome. Mitochondrion. Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Glutamine synthetase family
  • 组织特异性：
    Expressed in endothelial cells.
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 4341

    OMIM: 138290

    KEGG: hsa:2752

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000307900

    UniGene: Hs.132016