Recombinant Human Blood group Rh (CE) polypeptide (RHCE), partial

1. Among the weak D phenotypes in Tunisia, no novel RHD allele was found and almost 90% were caused by alleles of the weak D Type 4 cluster, of which 88% represented the weak D Type 4.0 allele. Based on established RH haplotypes for variant RHD and RHCE alleles and the lack of adverse clinical reports, we recommend D+ transfusions for patients with weak D Type 4.0 in Tunisia. PMID: 29193104
2. study 94.9% of the partial D samples revealed altered RHCE variant alleles and 5.7% of the samples with altered RHD allele predicted partial c, partial e and the lack of the high prevalence hr(B) and hr(S) antigens. PMID: 27111588
3. sequence comparisons revealed high sequence similarity between Patr_RHbeta and Hosa_RHCE, while the chimpanzee Rh gene closest to Hosa_RHD was not Patr_RHalpha but rather Patr_RHgamma PMID: 26872772
4. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and frequency of RHD-CE genotypes, predicting partial antigens in patients with sickle cell disease and in African Brazilian donors in order to find, through the use of RH genotyping, more closely matched donors for sickle cell disease patients who are alloimmunised to Rh antigens. PMID: 27177398
5. The RHCE gene intron 4 of Han Chinese, Tibetans, and Mongols differs from the RHD gene intron 4 in the presence of a 652-bp fragment. PMID: 26579938
6. Six new RHCE alleles were identified, namely, RHCE*cE84A, RHCE*ce202G, RHCE*ce307T, RHCE*Ce377G, RHCE*ce697G,712G,733G,744C, and RHCE*Ce733G in individuals of diverse racial origin. PMID: 26435076
7. RHCE*cE94G encodes variable expression of c (RH4). PMID: 26286238
8. Rh antibodies in SCD patients with RH variants can be clinically significant and, therefore, matching patients based on RH variants should be considered. PMID: 24960646
9. Through molecular genotyping we also identified polymorphisms in RhCE, Kell, Duffy, Colton, Lutheran and Scianna loci in donors and patients. PMID: 25582271
10. An uneven distribution of RH variant alleles between Dogon and Fulani, in Mali. A high incidence of predicted partial-C phenotype encoded by RHCE*Ce-D(4)-ce was found in Fulani. PMID: 25857637
11. These data showed the presence of the (C)ce(s) haplotype at a low frequency (0.625%) compared to that among Africans in whom it is common. Nevertheless, the presence of RHD-CE-D(s) in Tunisians, even at a lower frequency PMID: 24333089
12. One allele was found to be the known allele RHCE*Ol.20.01(RHCE*ce733G) and the second was novel: RHCE*Ol.06.02(RHCE*ce254G,733G). PMID: 25695437
13. RHD*weak partial 4.0 is associated with an altered RHCE*ce(48C, 105T, 733G, 744C, 1025T) allele in the Tunisian population. PMID: 23742316
14. RHCE*ceMO was present in one in 50 African-American persons with an allele frequency of 0.01, is often linked to RHD*DAU0, and is potentially of clinical significance for transfusion. PMID: 23772606
15. In addition to hybrid alleles and nucleotide deletion, intronic mutations may be associated with the nonexpression of RhCE antigens. PMID: 23252593
16. A QMPSF-based method is reliable to individually quantify the exons of both RH genes, including hybrid D-CE genes in compound heterozygous samples. PMID: 23550903
17. Frequencies of aberrant RHD and RHCE alleles were similar, irrespective of location and ethnicity. PMID: 24033223
18. A novel RHCE*cE allele, RHCE*cE734C, was found in two probands whose red blood cells had weakened c expression and typed E- with conventional anti-E reagents. PMID: 22958092
19. RHD*DIVa and RHCE*ceTI almost always, but not invariably, travel together. This haplotype is found in people of African ancestry and the red blood cells can demonstrate aberrant reactivity with anti-C. RHCE*ceTI encodes partial c and e antigens. PMID: 22804620
20. Low-prevalence Rh antigen STEM (RH49) is encoded by two different RHCE*ce818T alleles that are often in cis to RHD*DOL. PMID: 22738288
21. The rare RHCE*ceBI allele appears to be in cis either with RHD*DOL1 or with RHD*DOL2 in people of African descent. PMID: 22690701
22. Two novel RHCE*ce 48C,733G,1006T alleles have been identified: RHD*186T and RHD*DIIIa150C. PMID: 23286557
23. A novel allele of RHCE, RHCE*cE 907delC, silences c and E and in the homozygous state resulting in a D- - phenotype and production of anti-Rh17. PMID: 21517889
24. Allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction for the determination of Rh C/c and Rh E/e antigens in thalassaemic patients. PMID: 21251469
25. Study identifies a novel allele, RHCE*ce 48C, 733G, 941C, 1006T which is predicted to encode 16Cys, 245Val, 314Ala, and 336CyS and was shown to encode c, V/VS, and an altered expression of e and hrB antigens. PMID: 20576012
26. RHCE*ceAR encodes a partial c (RH4) antigen. PMID: 20932075
27. The low prevalence Rh antigen, Be(a), is associated with a single nucleotide change in exon 5 of RHCE*ce; that of 662C>G. and This changes proline-221 of Rhce to arginine, which may impose a steric and/or charge-related effect on the protein. PMID: 19951310
28. JAL and JAHK antigens are expressed by Ce and ce and varients of RhCE protein PMID: 20233350
29. RHCE represents the ancestral RH position, while RHD is the duplicated gene PMID: 11902138
30. Molecular analysis of Hor+, Mol+ variants revealed a hybrid gene structure RHCe-D(5)-Ce, in which exon 5 of RHCE (RHCe allele) was replaced by exon 5 of RHD (the so-called RHCeVA allele). PMID: 12084172
31. strong selection might be working to maintain the RHCE/RHD antigen variation in the two-locus system PMID: 12857961
32. disruption of f (Rh6) by Arg229 deletion suggests that external loop 4 is a major structural element contributing to the expression of RHCE cis interacting antigenic products. PMID: 14996197
33. The single-point mutation T500A in exon 4 of the RHCE gene is a molecular basis of the rare Rhesus antigen Ew. PMID: 14996199
34. A high incidence of Trp16Cys in RHCE ce was seen in sickle cell disease. Many of these patients were heterozygous for VS antigen. cDNA analysis showed that the 2 mutations were on different alleles, weakening expression of the e antigen on RBCs. PMID: 15023184
35. Review. The genetic, structural, and immunologic features of RHCE are reviewed. PMID: 15373666
36. RhCE may not function directly in ammonia transport and may be evolving a new function in the RBC membrane. PMID: 16563829
37. Review. 3-D models of the subunit and oligomeric architecture are proposed, using hydrophobic cluster analysis. PMID: 16584906
38. Although the F223V substitution is regarded as the initial event in the evolution of the weak D Type 4 cluster, the current DFV allele probably evolved independently, as evident from different RHCE haplotypes PMID: 17900276
39. It is possible to examine fetal c allele of RHCE gene in the plasma of pregnant women with anti-c by means of a noninvasive method. PMID: 18382999
40. The nucleotide 340C>T change in RHCE exon 3 (predicted to encode 114Trp) of the RHCE*ce(S)(340) allele is associated with a JAL+ phenotype and the altered expression of the c, V and VS antigens. PMID: 19076333
41. Homology modeling of the JAL+ RhCE protein suggests that the Arg-->Trp change eliminates a critical loop-stabilizing H-bond between the side chain of Arg114 and the e-specific amino acid Ala226. PMID: 19170983
42. the previously described RhCeMA and ce(s)(340) alleles encode the JAL antigen. PMID: 19207167
43. RHcE(M167K) known as E variant I was the most frequent allele, found in 70 of 122 analyzed blood donors in the northwest of Germany. Among 13 referred samples, C typing problems predominated. PMID: 19453979
44. Single-amino-acid substitutions were the molecular basis for variant RhCE antigen expression in most samples of German blood donors and patients . PMID: 19453980

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HGNC: 10008

OMIM: 111690

KEGG: hsa:6006

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000294413

UniGene: Hs.449968