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  4. Recombinant Human Galanin peptides (GAL), partial

Recombinant Human Galanin peptides (GAL), partial

  • 货号：
    CSB-YP009191HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Yeast
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-EP009191HU-B
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    E.coli
  • 共轭：
    Avi-tag Biotinylated

    E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) is highly specific in covalently attaching biotin to the 15 amino acid AviTag peptide. This recombinant protein was biotinylated in vivo by AviTag-BirA technology, which method is BriA catalyzes amide linkage between the biotin and the specific lysine of the AviTag.

  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-BP009191HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Baculovirus
  • 其他：
  • 货号：
    CSB-MP009191HU
  • 规格：
  • 来源：
    Mammalian cell
  • 其他：

产品详情

  • 纯度：
    >85% (SDS-PAGE)
  • 基因名：
    GAL
  • Uniprot No.：
  • 别名：
    GAL 1; GAL; GAL GMAP; GAL1; GALA_HUMAN; Galanin message associated peptide; Galanin message-associated peptide; Galanin precursor ; Galanin prepropeptide; Galanin related peptide; Galanin/GMAP prepropeptide; GALN; GLNN; GMAP; MGC40167
  • 种属：
    Homo sapiens (Human)
  • 蛋白长度：
    Partial
  • 表达区域：
    44-123
  • 氨基酸序列
    GPHAVGNHRSFSDKNGLTSKRELRPEDDMKPGSFDRSIPENNIMRTIIEFLSFLHLKEAGALDRLLDLPAAASSEDIERS
  • 蛋白标签：
    Tag type will be determined during the manufacturing process.
    The tag type will be determined during production process. If you have specified tag type, please tell us and we will develop the specified tag preferentially.
  • 产品提供形式：
    Lyophilized powder
    Note: We will preferentially ship the format that we have in stock, however, if you have any special requirement for the format, please remark your requirement when placing the order, we will prepare according to your demand.
  • 复溶：
    We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20℃/-80℃. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%. Customers could use it as reference.
  • 储存条件：
    Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 保质期：
    The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself.
    Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
  • 货期：
    Delivery time may differ from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
    Note: All of our proteins are default shipped with normal blue ice packs, if you request to ship with dry ice, please communicate with us in advance and extra fees will be charged.
  • 注意事项：
    Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
  • Datasheet ：
    Please contact us to get it.

产品评价

靶点详情

  • 功能：
    Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion.
  • 基因功能参考文献：
    1. SNP rs948854 in the GAL gene seems to be involved in the modulation of depressive state, especially in individuals with GG genotype. PMID: 28987550
    2. Higher serum galanin levels were determined in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. PMID: 28416367
    3. Serum galanin (GAL) levels are significantly higher in the obese group compared with lean subjects during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). PMID: 27550417
    4. Galanin per se did not affect the dynamic mass redistribution of natural killer (NK) cells, but significantly enhanced the response of NK cells to IL-18 PMID: 27837916
    5. majority of intrinsic choroidal neurons were GAL-positive PMID: 27914762
    6. ultraviolet irradiation upregulated galanin mRNA and protein expression in keratinocytes in vitro and in human skin in vivo PMID: 27943416
    7. GAL and its receptor GALR3 are differentially methylated and expressed in brains of major depressive disorder subjects in a region- and sex-specific manner. PMID: 27940914
    8. Study found dramatic reduction in von Willebrand factor extrusion and multimer expression by the neuropeptide galanin in cultured endocardial endothelial cells from heart failure patients. Results suggest that a combination of beta-blockers and galanin therapy may be one therapeutic option for improving endocardial endothelial anticoagulant function. PMID: 28720509
    9. The analyses revealed that the presence of the galanin gene minor allele (G) increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in men (OR = 2.49, P = 0.008) but not in women. PMID: 27870457
    10. Study provides evidence that GAL and GALR1/2 genes were identified as aberrantly methylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 27685843
    11. Low levels of plasma galanin is associated with obese subjects with hypertension. PMID: 27538957
    12. results indicated that obese individuals have higher plasma GAL and GALP concentrations and both peptide concentrations were positively correlative to triglyceride concentrations in obese human PMID: 27474259
    13. GAL and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, play a role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis PMID: 26572146
    14. Elevated galanin may predict the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus for development of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 26253934
    15. This study demonstrated that Galanin upregulation within the basal forebrain cholinergic system in LBD PMID: 26621352
    16. Galanin released by cancer induces neuritogenesis, facilitating perineural invasion. PMID: 25917569
    17. Mutations in the human GAL gene cause temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID: 25691535
    18. This is the first report of the various galanin receptors in the human eye. PMID: 26122049
    19. Galanin can be regarded as an immunomodulatory peptide as it can sensitize polymorphonuclear neutrophils towards pro-inflammatory cytokines in humans and mice. PMID: 25545502
    20. found no association of the galanin enhancer genotype with any of the other pathophysiological parameters measured PMID: 25228436
    21. Data shows that high expression of GAL is associated with poor prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer patients (CRC) and GAL expression may be related to the aggressive behavior of CRC. PMID: 25504183
    22. The plasma galanin levels are higher in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus than in normal pregnancy. PMID: 24503374
    23. Data suggest that plasma levels of galanin and interleukin-6 are up-regulated in second trimester in women with gestational diabetes (glucose intolerant/insulin resistant) as compared to normal pregnant women (with normal glucose/insulin tolerance). PMID: 24397394
    24. Galanin plays a crucial role in inhibiting insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells to prevent hyperinsulinemia, which is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus. [review] PMID: 24106965
    25. Variants in genes for galanin (GAL) and its receptors (GALR1, GALR2, GALR3), despite their disparate genomic loci, conferred increased risk of depression and anxiety in people who experienced childhood adversity or recent negative life events. PMID: 24706871
    26. The SNPs of rs694066 in the GAL gene showed a positive correlation with the major depressive disorder in the Chinese Han population. PMID: 23741354
    27. Galanin has a role in regulating eccrine sweat gland secretion PMID: 23278944
    28. These results suggest that the activation of progalanin by plasmin in the extracellular compartment was involved in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activation and in angiogenesis in tumor tissue. PMID: 23261456
    29. Moreover, we have identified a novel role for the GalR1/galanin receptor-ligand axis in chemoresistance, providing evidence to support its further evaluation as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in colorectal cancer . PMID: 22859720
    30. localization of the transcripts for galanin and its receptors (GalR1-R3), tryptophan hydroxylase 2, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthase and the three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT 1-3) in the locus coeruleus and the dorsal raphe nucleus PMID: 23341594
    31. The results indicate the continuous presence of GAL-ergic innervation in the immediate vicinity of the cancer invasion, which may be attributed to increased contraction of the affected part of intestine. PMID: 22226150
    32. Study revealed that plasmin was present in tumor tissue, and that it was responsible for processing progalanin to galanin(1-20) in the extracellular environment. PMID: 21707521
    33. This study suggested that the adenylate GAL related to major depressive disorder. PMID: 21042317
    34. Circulating galanin levels at birth are not affected by GDM and IUGR, providing no evidence for alternations in hypothalamic galanin expression and secretion in humans, as they were previously documented in experimental models. PMID: 22162474
    35. Analysis in neuroblastoma cells demonstrates that GAL5.1 acts as an enhancer of promoter activity after protein kinase C activation. PMID: 21716262
    36. Chronic constriction injury results in galanin upregulation in dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve, although less in transgenic mice with nuclear factor-kappaB inhibition. PMID: 21352816
    37. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of total but not free IgG autoantibodies against galanin are increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in increased percentage of galanin autoantibodies present as immune complexes. PMID: 22078238
    38. acute alcohol withdrawal was associated with decreased galanin serum levels PMID: 21199668
    39. provides substantive evidence that GAL sustains the expression of genes subserving multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in hyperinnervated cholinergic NB neurons compared to nonhyperinnervated neu-ron PMID: 19749437
    40. The reported associations in independent samples of Alzheimer Disease and Major Depressive Disorder support an estrogen-dependent function of GAL in pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, affecting response to antidepressant treatment. PMID: 20237460
    41. galanin is expressed developmentally in the DRG PMID: 11712539
    42. an involvement of GAL in various physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract PMID: 12471460
    43. data suggest a role for endogenous galanin in the adaptive responses to acute orthostatic stress preventing syncope in susceptible individuals PMID: 12647269
    44. Galanin is present in human DRGs together with CGRP and substance P, mostly in small neurons. Galanin may mediate processing of sensory information, especially pain, in human DRGs and dorsal horn. PMID: 12654333
    45. The involvement of galanin is reviewed in the modulation of such functions as neurotransmitter release, memory, pain, depression, anxiety, obesity, gut motility, neuroendocrine regulation, development and neuroregeneration. PMID: 12769595
    46. corticotroph, but not GH adenomas, express high levels of galanin, in addition to ACTH, and in some tumors both polypeptides are synthesised in the same cell population; galanin levels in plasma were not influenced by the tumor galanin content PMID: 14700749
    47. human galanin expresses amphipathic properties in the presence of phospholipids which in turn amplifies its vasoactive effects in the intact peripheral microcirculation. PMID: 14706552
    48. These galanin-LHRH and LHRH-galanin contacts may be functional synapses, and they may be the morphological substrate of the galanin-controlled gonadal functions in humans. PMID: 15283968
    49. Serum galanin concentration in post-menopausal women is related to severity of climacteric syndrome; presence of nervousness in post-menopausal women is related to lower serum galanin level. PMID: 15648541
    50. Blood levels correlate with type 2 diabetes and not with obesity or hormonal status in postmenopause. PMID: 15735230

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  • 相关疾病：
    Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 8 (ETL8)
  • 亚细胞定位：
    Secreted.
  • 蛋白家族：
    Galanin family
  • 数据库链接：

    HGNC: 4114

    OMIM: 137035

    KEGG: hsa:51083

    STRING: 9606.ENSP00000265643

    UniGene: Hs.278959