Human Arginase 2(ARG2) ELISA Kit

May play a role in the regulation of extra-urea cycle arginine metabolism and also in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthesis. Extrahepatic arginase functions to regulate L-arginine bioavailability to nitric oxid synthase (NOS). Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Seems to be involved in negative regulation of the survival capacity of activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. May suppress inflammation-related signaling in asthmatic airway epithelium. May contribute to the immune evasion of H.pylori by restricting M1 macrophage activation and polyamine metabolism. In fetal dendritic cells may play a role in promoting immune suppression and T cell TNF-alpha production during gestation. Regulates RPS6KB1 signaling, which promotes endothelial cell senescence and inflammation and implicates NOS3/eNOS dysfunction. Can inhibit endothelial autophagy independently of its enzymatic activity implicating mTORC2 signaling. Involved in vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and apoptosis independently of its enzymatic activity. Since NOS is found in the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle, the clitoral corpus cavernosum and the vagina, arginase-2 plays a role in both male and female sexual arousal.

1. xpression profiles revealed miR-1299 downregulation concomitant with arginase-2 (ARG2) upregulation in hyperpigmented skin of melasma patients. PMID: 28627081
2. ARG2 promotes tumorigenesis, and HCMV may contribute to GBM pathogenesis by upregulating ARG2. PMID: 27363017
3. fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2; results reveal a previously unappreciated role of dendritic cells within the developing fetus and indicate that they mediate homeostatic immune-suppressive responses during gestation PMID: 28614294
4. Schizophrenia patients had increased arginase II protein expression in the frontal cortex compared to controls. PMID: 27529679
5. our data provide compelling evidence that human cytomegalovirus reduced the level of microRNA-613 which functions as an anti-onco-miRNA in glioblastoma, primarily by downregulating the expression of arginase-2 PMID: 28718378
6. overexpression of AMPK induced arginase II protein expression and viable cells numbers in human Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell . PMID: 28213467
7. Data show that transfection with Arginase II-small interfering RNA prevented hypoxia-induced cell proliferation. PMID: 27475813
8. circulating Arginase 2 concentrations increase in clinical erectile dysfunction (ED) and are associated with increased risk for ED PMID: 26537638
9. arginase 2 impairs endothelial autophagy independently of the L-arginine ureahydrolase activity through activation of RPS6KB1 and inhibition of PRKAA, which is implicated in atherogenesis PMID: 25484082
10. High arginase II expression correlates with poor survival for patients with neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma suppresses T-cell proliferation via arginase II expression and activity. PMID: 26054597
11. high fat diet enhanced arginase-II expression/activity and p38mapk activity, which was associated with eNOS-uncoupling as revealed by decreased nitric oxide PMID: 25034973
12. Arg-II, p38, and S6K1 form a positive circuit which regulates endothelial senescence and cardiovascular aging. PMID: 25635535
13. OxLDL triggers retrograde translocation of arginase2 in aortic endothelial cells via ROCK and mitochondrial processing peptidase. PMID: 24903103
14. These results demonstrate that S6K1 and arginase-II form a positive circuit mediating the detrimental effects of chronic L-arginine supplementation on endothelial cells. PMID: 24860943
15. We speculate that cytomegalovirus may contribute to endothelial dysfunction via ARG II induction and reduced eNOS production. PMID: 24442486
16. study identified arginase II as a new target of miR-17-5p in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMC), with miR-17-5p involved in the hypoxic induction of arginase II in hPASMC; also found evidence supporting a feedback loop between arginase II and miR-17-5p, such that arginase II regulates miR-17-5p expression in hPASMC PMID: 24879052
17. Data indicate that arginase II (Arg II) expressions were higher in breast tumor tissues compared to the matched normal. PMID: 24223914
18. HDAC2 is a critical regulator of Arg2 expression and thereby endothelial nitric oxide and endothelial function. PMID: 24833798
19. Arg-II promotes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to VSMC senescence/apoptosis through complex positive crosstalk among S6K1-JNK, ERK, p66Shc, and p53, contributing to atherosclerotic vulnerability phenotype. PMID: 23832324
20. Maternal hypercholesterolemia in pregnancy alters umbilical vein reactivity because of fetal endothelial dysfunction associated with arginase and eNOS signaling imbalance. PMID: 23950140
21. Gene expression studies have identified altered expression of arginase 2 in suicide completers with a history of mood disorders. PMID: 23260169
22. presence of ARG2-expressing CAFs is an indicator of poor prognosis, as well as hypoxia, in pancreatic ductal carcinoma PMID: 23424623
23. Endothelial eNOS/arginase imbalance contributes to vascular dysfunction in IUGR umbilical and placental vessels. PMID: 23122700
24. arginase-II (ARG2) was expressed by 60 percent of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; the absence of ARG2 expression was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival PMID: 22815199
25. The inhibition of arginase II protein was found to be mediated by exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. PMID: 22447968
26. This study demomistrated that H3K4me3 modification plays an important role in up regulation of ARG2 in prefrontal cortex. PMID: 22008221
27. Data suggest that exposure to particulate matter (i.e., air pollutants) upregulates arginase II (but not arginase I) activity and expression in bronchial epithelial cells, in part, via epidermal growth factor-dependent signaling. PMID: 22712848
28. DDIT3, STT3A, ARG2 and FAM129A immunohistochemistry does not appear to be useful in the diagnosis of thyroid follicular neoplasias, as they do not reliably distinguish follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular thyroid adenoma. PMID: 22157935
29. has a vascular role in placental vessels counteracting the NOS-dependent relaxation PMID: 22391327
30. Sequence variations in the NOS2A and ARG2 loci were globally associated with exhaled nitric oxide PMID: 21039601
31. Delineate a clearer path from OxLDL through the endothelial cell LOX-1 receptor, RhoA, and ROCK, to the activation of arginase II, downregulation of NO, and vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis. PMID: 21130456
32. gene silencing changed promotes apoptosis and reduced expression of cell proliferation markers in thyroid cancer cells PMID: 20542107
33. In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, hypoxia upregulates arginase activity as well as mRNA and protein levels of arginase II. Inhibition of arginase II by small interfering RNA or by the inhibitor BEC enhanced NO levels. PMID: 20861464
34. The alteration of arginase activity between colostrum and mature milk may be a consequence of the transfer of arginase from the blood of the breast mother mammary glands into the colostrum and mature milk PMID: 20853600
35. Arginase contributes significantly to L-proline supply for collagen synthesis in rat fibroblasts, in which arginase I is the predominant isoenzyme, but not in human fibroblasts, in which arginase II is the only isoenzyme expressed PMID: 20107769
36. Association of ARG2 gene polymorphism is present in adult asthma, has lower reversibility specific with beta2 agonists. It is also associated with asthma severity, severe airway hyperresponsiveness, and less long-term response to inhaled corticosteroids. PMID: 20124949
37. There was an overexpression of arginase II in anorexia nervosa patients. PMID: 20071203
38. [Review] Arginase is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, but expression of the specific isoforms differs among mammalian species. Although some arginase I has been detected in human endothelial cells, the predominant isoform is arginase II. PMID: 19508396
39. Plays a physiological role in male and female sexual arousal PMID: 12859189
40. Increased arginase II expression and activity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID: 15364894
41. ArgII gene is an early IRF-3-regulated gene, which participates in the interferon-independent antiviral response through polyamine production and induction of apoptosis. PMID: 15955070
42. The Asn149-->Asp mutation is proposed to generate a conformational change responsible for the altered substrate specificity of arginase II. PMID: 16128822
43. Increasing L-Arg for NO synthesis by either arginase inhibition or direct L-Arg supplementation restores the age-related deficit in reflex cutaneous vasodilatation. PMID: 16675494
44. observed in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts PMID: 16720041
45. Increased arginase II expression & activity suggest a potential pathogenic role for platelet arginase and altered arginine and polyamine metabolism in sickle cell disease. PMID: 17353439
46. arginase II expression may play a role in prostate cancer progression PMID: 18202758
47. Cocoa flavonols lower ARG2 activity in endothelial cells in vitro and erythrocytes in vov. PMID: 18348861
48. ARG2 is expressed in lung cancer, but it does not induce tumor immune escape and does not affect disease progression, most probably due to the lack of concomitant NOS expression. PMID: 18528866
49. siRNA silencing of arginase-II but did not inhibit the up-regulation of endothelial VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin by TNFalpha PMID: 19284655

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Mitochondrion.

Arginase family

Expressed most strongly in kidney and prostate, much less strongly in the brain, skeletal muscle, placenta, lung, mammary gland, macrophage, uterus, testis and gut, but apparently not in the liver, heart and pancreas. Expressed in activated T cells.

HGNC: 664

OMIM: 107830

KEGG: hsa:384

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000261783

UniGene: Hs.226007