Rat Androgen receptor(AR) ELISA kit

Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins like ZBTB7A that recruits NCOR1 and NCOR2 to the androgen response elements/ARE on target genes, negatively regulating androgen receptor signaling and androgen-induced cell proliferation. Transcription activation is also down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.

1. Study found a putative androgen receptor splice variant in a dopaminergic N27 cell line and in several brain regions (substantia nigra pars compacta, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus) from gonadally intact and gonadectomized (young and middle-aged) male rats. This putative splice variant protein has a molecular weight of 45 kDa and lacks an N-terminal domain and was highly expressed in all brain regions examined. PMID: 28856243
2. Cynanchum wilfordii root extract down-regulates expression of 5 alpha reductase and androgen receptor, slowing the progression of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. PMID: 28953224
3. Compared to the control group, enhanced germ cell apoptosis was observed in the ethanol-treated rats (ETRs) in association with upregulation of iNOS and reduced expression of androgen receptor protein levels in SCs, which were resistant to apoptosis. PMID: 28505146
4. Suggest the potential involvement of altered Fgf10/Fgfr2/AR signaling in pathogenesis of anorectal malformations induced by di-n-butyl phthalate. PMID: 26514922
5. Androgen receptor silences thioredoxin-interacting protein and competitively inhibits glucocorticoid receptor-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic beta-Cells.( PMID: 25639671
6. DHT activated AR inhibits gene transactivation by C/EBPdelta, and transgenic C/EBPdelta expression inhibits AR activity PMID: 26187065
7. These data suggest that the AR is toxic as a full-length protein, challenging the notion of polyglutamine protein fragment-associated toxicity by redefining the role of AR proteolysis in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy pathogenesis. PMID: 25795778
8. There was no association between ErbB2-IR and the androgen receptor (AR)-IR in the tumours, but an interaction between the two parameters was seen with respect to their association with the tumour stage. PMID: 25215939
9. findings demonstrate beneficial effects of enhancing the transcriptional function of the ligand-activated polyQ AR and indicate that the SUMOylation pathway may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in SBMA. PMID: 25607844
10. The androgen receptor binds to cannabinoid CB1 receptor promoter in trigeminal ganglia. PMID: 24055403
11. Data indicate that knee passive range of motion (ROM), relaxin receptor isoforms Rxfp1 and Rxfp2 expression were significantly reduced following treatment with testosterone, and androgen antagonist flutamide antagonized the testosterone effect. PMID: 24642882
12. The effect of naringenin and bisphenol A on on male and female vascular smooth muscle cells was evaluated. PMID: 24347325
13. Lycopene, a potent antioxidant, preserved the epididymis from PCB-induced damage and prevented changes in androgen receptor levels. PMID: 23749762
14. this study shows that varicocoele downregulates AR expression, upregulates GPER and RACK1. This regulation of AR may play an important role in testicular dysfunction. PMID: 23836701
15. A small proportion of satellite cells in the levator ani express androgen receptors in significantly greater proportion compared to the adjacent control muscle. PMID: 23239638
16. 4-Nitrophenol differentially modulated androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-alpha and beta expression in male rat testes. PMID: 24070737
17. spinal interneurones but not preganglionic neurones involved in the seminal vesicle control in male rats were double-labelled with AR or ER-alpha, and they were mainly located at the parasympathetic level in the spinal cord. PMID: 23414238
18. Data suggest that androgen/AR signal transduction regulates adult neurogenesis in hippocampus but at a site other than dentate gyrus; androgen/AR signaling is neuroprotective via promotion of neurogenesis and cell survival, not cell proliferation. PMID: 23782943
19. Data indicate that androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) alters atrial electrophysiology with increased atrial arrhythmogenesis. PMID: 23748361
20. ARDelta2(Stop) was expressed in rat and gilthead seabream testis, while an ARDelta3 was detected in African clawed frog testis. PMID: 22734680
21. Data indicate that an enhanced NF-kB immunoexpression was found in the cytoplasm of muscle cells, a weak AR (androgen receptors) immunolabeling was detected in these cells. PMID: 23570504
22. Euthyroid status during prenatal and early postnatal life is essential to have optimal AR status and metabolic activity at adulthood. PMID: 23104419
23. Testosterone, but not dihydrotestosterone, stimulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression and the interaction between aryl hydrocarbon receptor and androgen receptor, leading to the stimulation of Lrh-1 expression. PMID: 23689136
24. The results revealed different distribution pattern of steroid hormone receptors in each one of the prostatic lobes in senescence. PMID: 22541803
25. Progressive degenerative alterations occurred in the seminiferous tubules after prepubertal epididymal obstruction; nuclei of Sertoli cells were not AR immunostaining in extensively degenerated seminiferous tubules. PMID: 23304817
26. central AR functions may contribute to normal activity of SNB motoneurons and perineal muscles because mutant mice displayed diminished copulatory behavior and fertility PMID: 22585832
27. During the androgen sensitivity window (E16-19), the gubernaculum contains few AR, while the inguinal fat pad contains abundant AR that are flutamide-sensitive. After birth, the gubernaculum AR expression increased. PMID: 22152882
28. ARs play a role in regulating anxiety-related behaviors, as well as corticosterone responses and neural activation following exposure to a mild stressor in rats. PMID: 21801726
29. expressed in the parosteal layer but not in the periosteum or osteoblasts of the baculum of neonatal rats PMID: 21471296
30. Gain in transcriptional activity by primate-specific coevolution of melanoma antigen-A11 and its interaction site in androgen receptor. PMID: 21730049
31. The upregulation of AR and 3betaHSD in testosterone-impaired Leydig cells steroidogenesis could be the possible mechanism that maintains and prevents loss of steroidogenic function. PMID: 21427060
32. The excessive alcohol consumption caused morphological and molecular changes in the coagulating gland, characterizing the inverse relation of AR and IGFR-1 localization. PMID: 20605618
33. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and activity of aromatase, androgen and estrogen receptors in peripheral target tissues in diabetes. PMID: 20064538
34. immunolocalization of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogense, cytochrome P450c17 and androgen receptor were investigated in rat cumuli oophori of late pre-ovulatory follicles and in post-ovulatory COCs bearing fertilized oocytes PMID: 19775733
35. androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) concentrations in the thyroid glands of neonatal rats PMID: 20670640
36. Activation of androgen receptors in the posterior dorsal part of the medial amygdala plays a critical role in the expression of the preference by male rats for estrous odors over male odors. PMID: 20430028
37. In rats and hamsters, nuclear androgen receptors are not required for androgen self-administration. Furthermore, androgen self-administration may be mediated by plasma membrane receptors. PMID: 20137860
38. data define AR as a direct Brn-3a interactor and verify a simple interacting protein prediction methodology that is likely to be useful for many other proteins PMID: 20228055
39. Perinatal hypothyroidism results in hyperactivity and anti-anxiety effects on adolescent rats. The decreased level of AR mRNA expression in hippocampus contributes to the change of behavioral ability in adolescent male rats. PMID: 18546532
40. Endogenous autophagy only slightly alters nuclear mutant AR aggregation compared to substantial effects on cytoplasmic AR aggregation. PMID: 19770590
41. Developmental profiles of TSH, sex steroids, and their receptors in the thyroid and their relevance to thyroid growth in immature rats PMID: 11755178
42. data demonstrate that aberrant hypermethylation in the AR promoter region may play a critical role in AR expression in rat prostate cancers PMID: 11992622
43. crosstalk between the Neu proto-oncogene and androgen receptor signaling pathways in the growth of both the normal and cancerous mammary epithelium PMID: 12150826
44. Sciatic endoneurial fibroblasts stain prominently for AR, with some endothelial cells also AR(+). Cells within peripheral nerve have ARs and may, therefore, mediate some of the effects of androgens on neuromuscular systems. PMID: 12210844
45. sex steroids up-regulate their own receptors in the thyroid PMID: 12441185
46. The distribution of androgen receptor and its coexistence with gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor in rat submaxillary glands PMID: 12479044
47. androgen receptors are present in axons and dendrites of the rat brain PMID: 12865346
48. The level of androgen receptor expression was specific to the cortical region, with higher cell density and more androgen receptor mRNA in visual cortex than prefrontal cortex. PMID: 12884268
49. Androgen receptor induction in conjunction with SRF and RhoA signaling may be an important regulator of gene expression during overload-induced muscle growth. PMID: 14557238
50. Results suggest that the motor nucleus of the genitofemoral nerve is a target of testosterone and that regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide and androgen receptors in sensory neurons may be involved in testicular descent. PMID: 14567394

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Defects in Ar are a cause of androgen insensitivity. Rats with this syndrome are called testicular feminized (TFM).

Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily

Highest levels in the seminal vesicle, ventral prostate and coagulating gland with lower levels in the kidney and levator ani muscle.

KEGG: rno:24208

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000009129

UniGene: Rn.9813