Rat glucocorticoid receptor,GR ELISA Kit

Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth.; Has transcriptional activation and repression activity. Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. May act as a tumor suppressor. May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression.

1. The experimental results demonstrated that there was a coexistence of GRs and pERK 1/2 in the spinal cord dorsal horn by double immunofluorescence staining. The GR antagonist RU38486 attenuated the morphine analgesia tolerance by inhibiting the expression of GR and increasing the expression of pERK. PMID: 29845273
2. DNA methylation changes of rat Nr3c1 and Igf2/H19 during aging that are tissue and sex specific, are reported. PMID: 28916632
3. A. fumigatus exposure may be involved in glucocorticoids unresponsiveness by down-regulating the expression of GCR in asthmatics. PMID: 28696809
4. The present results indicate that postnatal MS and adult RS influence GR expression through histone modification at GR promoter I7, and that the combination of the two stressors potentiates these changes. Furthermore, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in escitalopram action. PMID: 28414132
5. These results show that not only ERK and CREB phosphorylation but also tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the nucleus of tractus solitarius is modulated by GR signaling. PMID: 26598419
6. Hippocampal NR3C1 DNA methylation can mediate part of preconception paternal stress effects in rat offspring. Study shows that DNA methylation levels of NR3C1 and lower expression of this gene were significantly observed in paternally stressed pups compared to control pups. PMID: 28212940
7. A NeuroD family member (NeuroD2) binding to an additional motif near the Glucocorticoid receptor response element seems to drive specificity for Mineralocorticoid receptor over glucocorticoid receptor binding at hippocampal binding sites. PMID: 28324065
8. findings imply a dose-dependent and context-independent action of GRs in the hippocampus; alterations in the expression or activity of NF-1/basic helix-loop-helix factors may play an as yet undetermined role in glucocorticoid-related disease susceptibility and outcome by altering GR access to hippocampal binding sites PMID: 28200020
9. NCX1 and the calcium binding protein calretinin cooperate within the striatum to confer tolerance against cerebral ischemia. PMID: 25633096
10. Hypoxia significantly increased CpG methylation at the cAMP-response elements and Sp1 binding sites and decreased Sp1 binding to GR exon 1 promoter, accounting for the repression of the GR gene in the developing heart. PMID: 26779948
11. Predator-odor exposure did not reveal differences in GR expression between post-traumatic avoiders and non-avoiders. PMID: 26482332
12. Nr3c1 expression was increased in hippocampus and amygdala after chronic stress, however maternal deprivation plus chronic stress decreased Nr3c1 expression. PMID: 26452320
13. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is sensitive to changes in the early-life environment that associate with DNA methylation of a neuron-specific exon 17 promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) (Nr3c1). [review] PMID: 25687413
14. These findings identified aldosterone as an inducer of clonal beta-cell failure that operates through the GR-MAPK-MafA signaling pathway. PMID: 26287126
15. GR mRNA levels were decreased by chronic noise stress in the hippocampus. PMID: 26333123
16. novel actions of BRD4 and of NELF-E in GR-controlled gene induction have been uncovered. PMID: 26504077
17. Report altered glucocorticoid receptor expression in brain after prenatal alcohol exposure. PMID: 26180184
18. Data suggest that mixed mineralocorticoid (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) such as C118335, can be used to unravel the mechanisms of glucocorticoid signaling. PMID: 26305887
19. Speculate that changes in hippocampal Brg1 expression mediate glucocorticoid receptor expression and subsequently trigger neuroendocrine reprogramming in male IUGR rats. PMID: 25972460
20. Report behavioral testing-related changes in the expression of synapsin I and glucocorticoid receptors in standard and enriched aged Wistar rats. PMID: 25218493
21. GR signaling is a convergent signaling pathway, associated with trauma-related individual differences in both sexes. PMID: 25114262
22. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mediated elevation of intracellular corticosterone may induce glucocorticoid receptor (GR) downregulation, which may be associated with failure of GR to stimulate lipolysis in fructose-fed female rats. PMID: 24420787
23. Maternal pup licking associated with DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 exon 17 promoter gene in cerebellum and with hippocampal mRNA. PMID: 24721039
24. Females showed hypermethylation of Nr3c1 of hippocampal DNA PMID: 23460384
25. data highlight a prominent role for the infralimbic GR in appropriate stress adaptation, emotional control, and mood regulation. PMID: 23683655
26. data demonstrate stable changes in methylation patterns and expression of the GR and CRF genes following repeated stress. PMID: 23084728
27. The guinea pig GR-specific mutations within the H1-H3 loop confer global changes within the GR-Hsp90 complex that favor FKBP51 repression over FKBP52 potentiation. PMID: 23686112
28. These results suggest a role for altered periaqueductal grey, GR-corticosterone interactions and their resultant cellular consequences in the expression of disabilities in a subpopulation of nerve-injured rats. PMID: 23846420
29. These studies allow us to position the actions of two new modulators of GR-regulated transactivation, NELF-A and NELF-B, relative to other factors in the overall gene induction sequence. PMID: 24097989
30. Neurofibromatosis type I-related neural abnormalities are, in part, caused by up-regulation of dynein IC2-glucocorticoid receptor-COX-1 signaling. PMID: 23358504
31. It is most likely that CBG in the brain may be involved in the response to changing systemic glucocorticoid levels. PMID: 23279724
32. Enhanced cytoplasmic levels of glucocorticoid receptor are found in the brain following chronic mild stress. PMID: 23169346
33. Exposure to enriched environment restores cognitive impairments induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and up-regulates mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-receptor expression. PMID: 23290935
34. Nonspecific interactions with bases at particular positions in the binding sequence affect the conformation of distinct regions of the DNA-binding domain suggesting allosteric signaling between the DNA-binding sequence & the associated dimer partner. PMID: 23728292
35. RSUME interacts with glucocorticoid receptor and increases its SUMOylation and transcriptional activity, pointing to SUMO conjugation as the cause for transcriptional stimulation. PMID: 23508108
36. A splice variant of GR with an alternative C-terminus also occurs in the rat by a mechanism of intron inclusion. PMID: 23257260
37. Two populations of glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites in the male rat hippocampal genome. PMID: 23525215
38. Elevated corticosterone level during hypoxic exposure causes neurodegeneration and acts through its binding to GRs indicating that inhibition of GRs may provide therapeutic effect in ameliorating HH induced memory impairment. PMID: 23159706
39. Neonatal maternal separation did not significantly affect GR expression but environmental enrichment increased the overall number of GR positive cells per hippocampal area, mainly due to the changes in CA1. PMID: 23195113
40. These results suggest that GR signaling is impaired in the hippocampus of rats with cognitive impairment. PMID: 22971526
41. Gcr Grl promoter is epigenetically regulated by chronic stress in adulthood PMID: 23023726
42. Binding of the N-terminal region of TIF2 to the AF1 domain of the glucocorticoid receptor changes both its conformation and transcriptional activity. PMID: 23132854
43. Data suggest that, under daytime restricted feeding, glucocorticoid signaling adopts a new rhythmicity in which expression of GCR is up-regulated with a marked increase in GCR in the cytosol. PMID: 22456310
44. Glucocorticoid receptors are present in hippocampal spines where they mediate acute glucocorticoid effects on local spine signaling. PMID: 22717988
45. optimal GR binding is necessary for the consolidation of new response-outcome learning PMID: 23185000
46. Cd exposure during pregnancy affects fetal liver DNMT3a resulting in sex-dependent changes in methylation and expression of GR1 PMID: 22957049
47. The stress of maternal deprivation has a significant effect on calretinin and calbindin expression in both male and female rats, but affects glucocorticoid receptor levels only in males. PMID: 21835217
48. Increase of the glucocorticoid receptor and hsp70 in both hypothalamic cellular compartments is a response of naive rats to acute stress. PMID: 22350213
49. These findings indicate that GR activation interacts with the noradrenergic arousal system within the nucleus accumbens to enhance memory consolidation of emotionally arousing training experiences regardless of valence. PMID: 22750445
50. Hydrocortisone upregulated TTR expression in choroid plexus, an effect suppressed by glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. PMID: 22371232

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[Isoform A]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome.

Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily

KEGG: rno:24413

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000044335

UniGene: Rn.90070