免疫系统高度精密且复杂,其主要功能除了能够保护机体免受外部病原体侵害之外,还能识别和清除机体内部的凋亡细胞和肿瘤细胞,通过自身免疫耐受和免疫调节来维持机体内环境的稳定。然而,一旦免疫系统出现故障,它就会错误地攻击自身健康的细胞、组织和器官,诱发自身免疫反应,从而产生某些病理性的自身抗体(Autoantibody)。与人体内天然存在的某些自身抗体不同,这类病理性自身抗体与自身抗原的亲和力极高,可引起自身组织的病理性损伤并诱发自身免疫性疾病。
CUSABIO致力于为研究人员提供高精确性、高灵敏度的自身抗体ELISA试剂盒,涵盖抗dsDNA抗体、抗核小体抗体、胰岛素抗体和类风湿因子抗体等多种常见的IgG或IgM型自身抗体,有助于研究自身免疫性疾病的发病机制、生物标志物的变化和新的肿瘤研究策略,为您的科学研究提供准确可靠的数据支持,助力您在免疫学领域取得更多突破性进展。
1. 自身抗体
自身抗体(Autoantibody,AAB)是指人体免疫系统产生的针对自身组织的抗体,通常包括天然自身抗体和病理性自身抗体。天然自身抗体主要为 IgM型,由未突变的 V(D)J 基因编码,对自身抗原亲和力较低。天然自身抗体提供了机体抵御感染的第一道防线,具有一定的生理功能,比如维持细胞功能和调节免疫系统稳态。相比之下,由体细胞突变的、和自身抗原有着高亲和力的 IgG 型自身抗体则反映了一种病理过程,可能导致正常细胞被清除、抗原-受体的信号传导或细胞效应功能的紊乱,从而引起自身组织的病理性损伤。
2. 自身免疫性疾病及其类型
自身免疫性疾病(Autoimmune Disease, AID)是指免疫系统对自身细胞或成分产生免疫应答而引起的疾病状态。自身免疫性疾病的具体原因尚不完全清楚,可能与遗传因素、环境因素以及免疫系统的异常反应等多种因素有关。目前已知的自身免疫性疾病超过100种,主要分为器官特异性AD和系统性AD两种类型:
(1)器官特异性自身免疫疾病(Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases):这类疾病的免疫反应主要针对特定的器官或组织。常见的特异性自身免疫疾病包括:自身免疫性甲状腺疾病、银屑病、多发性硬化症、自身免疫性肝炎、重症肌无力、寻常天疱疮、I型糖尿病等。
(2)系统性自身免疫疾病(Systemic Autoimmune Diseases):相比之下,系统性自身免疫疾病涉及多个器官和组织,其免疫反应波及全身多个系统。一些常见的系统性自身免疫疾病包括:系统性红斑狼疮、类白塞病、类风湿性关节炎、炎症性肠病、硬皮病、系统性血管炎等。
图1. 自身免疫性疾病的诱因和常见症状 [1]
3. 自身抗体与自身免疫性疾病
在某些自身免疫性疾病中,自身抗体可能在疾病发作前就存在,且表现出显著的特异性,因此可作为关键生物标志物助力相关疾病的治疗研究。在重症肌无力或天疱疮等器官特异性自身免疫性疾病中,自身抗体直接结合并损伤靶器官[2]。在血管炎、肾小球肾炎以及系统性红斑狼疮等系统性自身免疫性疾病中,自身抗体与游离分子(例如磷脂)以及细胞表面和核蛋白抗原发生反应,形成致病性抗原-抗体(免疫)复合物。这些自身抗体通过参与补体的 FcγR 激活以及 Toll 样受体的内化和激活来损伤组织和器官[3]。
4. 自身抗体与肿瘤
在肿瘤发展的早期阶段,尽管肿瘤抗原在血清中很难检测到,但人体免疫系统会产生与肿瘤相关的自身抗体,这些自身抗体有望成为癌症早期诊断的有希望的生物标志物。P. Budde等人[4]对接受了prostvac 和 ipilimumab治疗的前列腺癌患者进行了自身抗体分析,研究发现,一些AAB与治疗后出现的免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)有关,而另一些AAB则可能有助于抵消炎症分子的作用,从而减少irAEs的发生。此外,许多抗TAA自身抗体被验证能够作为肺癌、肝细胞癌等癌症早期检测的潜在生物标志物[5,6]。
5. CUSABIO的自身抗体相关ELISA试剂盒列表
货号 | 产品名称 | 靶点 |
---|---|---|
CSB-E04868h | Human anti-cardiolipin antibody(IgG) ELISA Kit | ACA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E08646m | Mouse anti-cardiolipin antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | ACA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E09077h | Human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP antibody) ELISA Kit | ACCPA |
CSB-E08371h | Human acetylcholine receptor antibody,AChRab ELISA Kit | AChR Ab |
CSB-E08691h | Human anti-endothelial cell antibody,AECA ELISA Kit | AECA |
CSB-E09697h | Human anti-fibrillarin antibody,AFA/snoRNP/U3RNP ELISA Kit | AFA/snoRNP/U3RNP |
CSB-E12912m | Mouse anti-nuclear Antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | ANA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-EQ027743MO | Mouse Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (Anti-CCP-antibody) ELISA kit | Anti-CCP-Ab |
CSB-E14342m | Mouse anti-nucleosome antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | AnuA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E13568h | Human Aquaporin 4 Antibody,AQP-4 Ab ELISA Kit | AQP-4 Ab |
CSB-E05118h | Human anti-sperm antibody,AsAb ELISA Kit | AsAb |
CSB-E09419h | Human Anti-smooth muscle antibody,ASMA ELISA Kit | ASMA |
CSB-E09082h | Human anti-zona pellucida antibody,aZP ELISA Kit | AZPAb |
CSB-E09165h | Human Anti-Complement 1q antibody(anti-C1q-antibody)ELISA Kit | C1q Ab |
CSB-E13830r | Rat Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody(Anti-CCP-antibody)ELISA Kit | CCP Ab |
CSB-E12990h | Human anti-thrombopoietin receptor(C-MPL) autoantibody IgG ELISA kit | C-MPL/TPOR auto-Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E09063h | Human anti-cytomegalovirus(CMV) antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | CMV Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E11194m | Mouse anti-double stranded DNA antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | dsDNA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E04911h | Human anti-double stranded DNA(dsDNA) antibody(IgG) ELISA Kit | dsDNA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E08655m | Mouse glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | GAD au-Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E15971h | Human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65(GAD65) antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | GAD65 Ab (IgG) |
CSB-EQ027671HU | Human anti glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoantibody ELISA kit | GFAP auto-Ab |
CSB-E11438h | Human anti-Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor(GM-CSF) antibody ELISA Kit | GM-CSF Ab |
CSB-E09205h | Human insulin autoantibodies,IAA ELISA Kit | IAA |
CSB-E10369m | Mouse insulin autoantibodies(IAA) ELISA Kit | IAA |
CSB-E04972h | Human islet cell antibody,ICA ELISA Kit | ICA |
CSB-E08812m | Mouse islet cell antibody,ICA ELISA Kit | ICA |
CSB-E15753h | Human Phosphatidic Acid Antibody(IgM) ELISA Kit | IgM |
CSB-EQ027171HU | Human anti-IL1 autoantibody ELISA kit | IL1 auto-Ab |
CSB-E09568h | Human anti-insulin receptor antibody,AIRA ELISA Kit | InsR Ab |
CSB-E08676m | Mouse myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ELISA kit | MAC Ab |
CSB-E04787h | Human myelin basic protein(MBP) antibody ELISA Kit | MBP Ab |
CSB-E09565h | Human anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibody ELISA Kit | MCV Ab |
CSB-E08675r | Rat myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(MPO-ANCA) ELISA kit | MPO-ANCA |
CSB-E16639h | Human Muscle Skeletal Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Antibody(MUSK Ab) ELISA Kit | MUSK Ab |
CSB-E13555h | Human N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antibody (IgG) ELISA Kit | NMDA Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E12816h | Human anti-platelet antibody (anti-PA Ab)ELISA Kit | PA Ab |
CSB-E15044h | Human Phosphatidylethanolamine Antibody(IgG) ELISA Kit | PE Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E15752h | Human Phosphatidylethanolamine Antibody(IgM) ELISA Kit | PE Ab (IgM) |
CSB-E13666r | Rat Rheumatoid Factor(RF) ELISA Kit | RF |
CSB-EQ027571HU | Human rheumatoid factor (RF) antibody (IgG) ELISA kit | RF Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E13357h | Human anti-ryanodine receptor calcium release channel antibodies ELISA Kit | RRCRC Ab |
CSB-EQ027203HU | Human anti streptokinase(SK) antibody ELISA kit | SK Ab |
CSB-E15976m | Mouse anti-Smith antibody ELISA Kit | Sm Ab |
CSB-E11874h | Human anti-Survivin(Surv) antibody ELISA Kit | Surv Ab |
CSB-E13356h | Human titin antibody(IgG) ELISA Kit | titin Ab (IgG) |
CSB-E09345h | Human voltage-gated calcium channel antibody(IgG) ELISA Kit | VGCC Ab (IgG) |
参考文献:
[1] https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autoimmune/index.cfm
[2] Lazaridis K, Tzartos S J. Autoantibody Specificities in Myasthenia Gravis; Implications for Improved Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 14;11:212.
[3] Elkon K, Casali P. Nature and functions of autoantibodies. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008 Sep;4(9):491-8.
[4] Budde P, Marte J, Zucht H, et al. THU0043 Autoantibody profiling in prostvac and ipilimumab treated prostate cancer patients reveals potential biomarkers of immune-related adverse events. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2018;77:247.
[5] Wang K, Li M, Qin J, et al. Serological Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Focus on Autoantibodies against Tumor-Associated Antigens Encoded by Cancer Driver Genes. Cancers. 2020; 12(5):1271.
[6] Jiang D, Wang Y, Liu M, et al. A panel of autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens in the early immunodiagnosis of lung cancer. Immunobiology, 2020, 225(1): 151848.