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3.21 世界唐氏综合征日| 难解的人类“染色体难题”,探索与关爱从未止步

世界唐氏综合征日

2024年3月21日,是第13个世界唐氏综合征日。唐氏综合征(Down Syndrome,DS)又被称为 21-三体综合征,是人类常见的染色体数目异常疾病,其发病与患者的 21 号染色体数目异常有关。唐氏综合征患儿常伴有先天性智力低下、发育迟缓、面容体征异常、先天性心脏疾病、急性白血病、先天性消化器官畸形以及阿尔茨海默病等严重临床病症。在中国,DS的发病率大约在1/600至1/800之间,但由于大量DS胎儿在妊娠早期或中期自然流产或死产,实际发生率可能更高。

追溯历史,早在约2500年前的图马科-拉托利塔文化的陶器艺术中,Bernal等学者就发现了描绘具有典型DS特征的人物形象。但早期人们对DS的理解曾与甲状腺功能异常相关的呆小症相混淆,误认为DS是某种形式的甲状腺功能低下引起的智力障碍。然而,随着20世纪50年代末期甲状腺治疗在DS及呆小症患儿中的广泛应用,研究发现这类疗法对于大部分DS患儿并无显著效果。与此同时,随着社会经济条件和营养状况的改善,呆小症的发生率逐渐下降,这使得DS作为独立于甲状腺功能异常之外的特殊病症得到了更清晰的认识。

尽管DS的发病机制复杂,且目前尚无根治手段,但科研人员从未停止对该疾病的探索。现在,让我们跟随近期的科学研究进展,深入了解近年来唐氏综合征的研究成果及其未来可能的治疗方向。

Science Translational Medicine :DYRK1A可能是唐氏综合征的有效药物靶点

唐氏综合征(DS)是由于人类第21号染色体三体性(Hsa21)所引起的基因剂量效应疾病,表现为多种表型特征,其中包括先天性心脏缺陷,但具体致病的关键剂量敏感基因及其引发心脏异常的机制尚不明确。在这项研究中,作者利用唐氏综合征人类胎儿心脏和模拟DS的鼠类胚胎心脏的转录组学数据,表明线粒体呼吸基因以及细胞增殖基因表达量的降低与先天性心脏病(CHD)病理存在关联。通过系统遗传定位方法,作者证明了DS中导致CHD的其中一个致病基因是Dyrk1a。Dyrk1a基因剂量的增加会导致心肌细胞的细胞增殖能力受损及线粒体呼吸功能障碍,并且是引发DS患者出现CHD的必要条件,这提示DYRK1A可能是治疗这一常见人类病症的有效药物靶点。

Three copies of Dyrk 1a are necessary to cause heart defects.

(图源:10.1126/scitranslmed.add6883)

Neurochemistry International :早期连续使用fasudil治疗能够挽救唐氏综合症Ts65Dn模型中的海马体异常

唐氏综合征(DS)是最常见的与智力障碍相关的遗传性疾病。为了研究这一病症,科学家已经开发出多种小鼠模型。其中最为常用的模型之一是Ts65Dn模型,它能够模拟在DS患者中观察到的大多数改变。Ts65Dn小鼠与人类DS患者一样,在大脑皮层和海马体中的树突棘结构、密度及分布方面存在缺陷。Fasudil是一种强效抑制RhoA激酶通路的药物,该通路参与了树突棘的形成和稳定。在本研究中,作者从出生当天开始对Ts65Dn(及正常二倍体小鼠)连续28天施用fasudil治疗。在治疗结束时,作者对其海马体颗粒神经元的树突分支结构以及树突棘密度进行了研究,并分析了与结构可塑性相关的分子表达情况。此外,作者还考察了亚颗粒区的神经发生、细胞增殖状况,以及海马体中兴奋性和抑制性突触斑点密度,以探究RhoA抑制剂作为唐氏综合征矫正疗法的应用潜力。实验结果令人鼓舞,本研究为纠正DS中出现的一些神经缺陷提供了一种新的策略。

Changes in neuroplastic molecules expression in the hippocampus after chronic treatment with fasudil

(图源:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105679)

Science:GnRH替代治疗能够改善唐氏综合征患者认知能力

目前,唐氏综合征(DS)的认知和嗅觉缺陷尚未有有效的治疗方法。我们在DS模型(Ts65Dn小鼠)中发现,这些逐渐加重的非生殖系统神经症状与青春期后下丘脑及下丘脑外区域中调控生殖的关键分子——促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)表达量的下降紧密相关,并且似乎与一个已知调控GnRH神经元成熟以及海马体突触传递改变的microRNA-基因网络失衡有关。

通过表观遗传学、细胞生物学、化学遗传学及药物干预手段恢复生理水平的GnRH可以消除Ts65Dn小鼠的嗅觉和认知缺陷,而脉冲式GnRH疗法则能在成年DS患者中改善认知功能和大脑连接性。因此,GnRH在嗅觉和认知方面起着至关重要的作用,脉冲式GnRH疗法有望改善DS患者的认知缺陷。

Pulsatile GnRH inproves atient brain connectivity cognition.

(图源:10.1126/science.abq4515)

Nature:在唐氏综合征患者中通过细胞因子、CD4 T细胞和CD11c+ B细胞实现的自身免疫机制

研究人员对唐氏综合征(DS)患者的免疫系统进行了深入研究,发现DS患者体内多种细胞因子水平持续偏高,并伴随有免疫细胞的异常激活状态。其中,CD4 T细胞中存在慢性IL-6信号激活现象,同时出现较多易引发自身免疫反应的B细胞亚群。实验表明,这些因素可能导致DS患者更容易产生大量针对身体各器官和系统的自身抗体。研究者通过体外实验证实了DS患者血浆及IL-6激活的T细胞能够促进B细胞向浆母细胞分化,进一步加重自身免疫反应。最后,研究指出,不仅传统的Jak抑制剂可以调控DS患者的免疫反应,针对性地抑制IL-6也能有效缓解T细胞过度活化问题,这些发现为治疗DS中的自身免疫问题开辟了新的治疗路径。

通过Jak抑制或IL-6阻断来挽救DS中T细胞的激活

(图源:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05736-y)

Brain:产前药物治疗挽救唐氏综合征小鼠模型的大脑发育

长期以来,唐氏综合征引起的认知缺陷一直被认为不可逆转。本研究的目标在于探究是否有可能通过孕期使用氟西汀(一种能够恢复唐氏综合征Ts65Dn小鼠模型出生后海马体神经发生的药物)这一药物疗法来挽救唐氏综合征特征性的神经系统发育异常。在本研究中,怀孕的Ts65Dn雌性小鼠从胚胎第10天开始接受氟西汀治疗,直至分娩。当前这项研究表明,通过在胚胎发育期间使用氟西汀进行药物治疗,完全能够挽救唐氏综合症特有的异常大脑发育和行为缺陷。如果氟西汀对小鼠模型大脑的积极影响能在唐氏综合征胎儿身上得到复制,那么作为一种适用于人体的药物,氟西汀可能会成为治疗唐氏综合征智力障碍的一大突破。

Effect of embryonic treatment with fluoxetine on precursor proliferation in different brain regions of post-natal Dar 2 Ts65Dn

(图源:DOI:10.1093/brain/awt340)

唐氏综合征胎儿羊水外泌体miRNA差异表达谱分析

外泌体是由多种细胞分泌的40~100 nm的膜性小囊泡,由细胞内多泡体出芽形成,再与细胞膜融合后释放至细胞外基质中。羊水中游离的miRNA可选择性组装到外泌体中,外泌体通过未角化的胎儿皮肤从羊水传递到胎儿,在细胞通讯中发挥重要作用。本研究发现DS胎儿与正常胎儿羊水外泌体miRNA表达谱存在差异。羊水外泌体let-7d-5p可能通过调控BACH1的表达促进DS胎儿大脑氧化应激,这对进一步阐明DS的发病机制具有重要的参考意义。

羊水外泌体鉴定

(图源:doi 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.18)

3月21日,世界唐氏综合征日,这一天不仅是为了提高社会对这一染色体异常疾病的认识,更是为了传递一个坚定的信息:面对这道看似无解的人类“染色体难题”,我们从未放弃探索的脚步!长期以来,科研工作者们一直孜孜不倦地研究着唐氏综合征背后的疾病机制,努力揭示其与认知障碍、生理发育问题之间的复杂联系。

j9九游会登录入口首页生物长期致力于为科研工作者提供高质量的蛋白、抗体、ELISA试剂盒等工具类科研试剂产品。特整理了唐氏综合征研究相关的20个热门研究靶点及相关试剂产品列举如下,供您选择:

DS研究热门靶点ELISA试剂盒:

产品名称 货号 靶点 检测范围 灵敏度
大鼠血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E14308r ACE2 0.02 ng/ml - 20 ng/ml 0.02 ng/ml
人血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E04489h ACE2 0.156 ng/mL-10 ng/mL 0.039 ng/mL
小鼠血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E17204m ACE2 6.25 pg/mL-400 pg/mL 1.56 pg/mL
人RACα丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT1)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-EL001553HU AKT1 0.312 ng/mL-20 ng/mL 0.078 ng/mL
人载脂蛋白E(Apo-E)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E09748h APOE 15.62 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL 3.9 ng/mL
大鼠载脂蛋白E(Apo-E)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E09749r APOE 15.6 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL 15.6 ng/mL
小鼠载脂蛋白E(Apo-E)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E09750m APOE 6.25 ng/mL-400 ng/mL 1.56 ng/mL
猪载脂蛋白E(Apo-E)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E17889p APOE 31.25 ng/mL-2000 ng/mL 7.81 ng/mL
猴载脂蛋白E(APOE)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-EL001936RH APOE 6.25 ng/mL-400 ng/mL 1.56 ng/mL
大鼠淀粉样βA4蛋白(APP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-EL001950RA APP 15.6 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL 3.9 ng/mL
人CD4分子(CD4)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E08956h CD4 0.625 ng/mL-40 ng/mL 0.156 ng/mL
大鼠CD4分子(CD4)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E12928r CD4 0.78 U/mL-50 U/mL 0.195 U/mL
鸡CD4分子(CD4)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E13114C CD4 3.125 ng/mL-800 ng/mL 3.125 ng/mL
小鼠C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E07923m(1) CRP 5 ng/mL-4000 ng/mL 5 ng/mL
兔子C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E06847Rb CRP 7.8 pg/mL-2000 pg/mL 2 pg/mL
大鼠C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E07922r CRP 31.25 ng/mL-2000 ng/mL 7.81 ng/mL
小鼠C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E07923m CRP 15.6 ng/mL-1000 ng/mL 3.9 ng/mL
猪C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E08163p CRP 0.625 ng/mL-40 ng/mL 0.156 ng/mL
牛C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E08577b CRP 1.25 ng/mL-80 ng/mL 1.25 ng/mL
犬C反应蛋白(CRP)酶联免疫试剂盒 CSB-E14262c CRP 0.312 μg/mL-20 μg/mL 0.078 μg/mL

DS研究热门靶点重组蛋白:

产品名称 货号 靶点 来源 蛋白标签
Recombinant Human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), partial (Active) CSB-AP005671HU ACE2 Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Recombinant Human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), partial, Biotinylated (Active) CSB-MP866317HU-B ACE2 Mammalian cell C-terminal mFc-Avi-tagged
Recombinant Human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), partial (Active) CSB-MP866317HU ACE2 Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-tagged
Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), partial (Active) CSB-MP3414MOV ACE2 Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-tagged
Recombinant Paguma larvata Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), partial (Active) CSB-MP684964PAL ACE2 Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-tagged
Recombinant Mesocricetus auratus Angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ace2), partial CSB-EP4885MRG Ace2 E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Strep II-tagged
Recombinant Human RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1) CSB-EP001553HU AKT1 E.coli N-terminal GST-tagged
Recombinant Rat RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt1) CSB-EP001553RA Akt1 E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-BP001936MO Apoe Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-EP001936MO Apoe E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Recombinant Rabbit Apolipoprotein E (APOE), partial CSB-EP001936RB APOE E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Rabbit Apolipoprotein E (APOE), partial CSB-EP001936RBb3 APOE E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-SUMO-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Rabbit Apolipoprotein E (APOE), partial CSB-EP001936RBb7 APOE E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-B2M-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-MP001936MO Apoe Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-YP001936MO Apoe Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-EP001936MOc7 Apoe E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Recombinant Dog Apolipoprotein E (APOE) CSB-EP001936DO APOE E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Apolipoprotein E (APOE) CSB-EP001936MOV APOE E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged
Recombinant Rat Apolipoprotein E (Apoe) CSB-EP001936RA Apoe E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged
Recombinant Mouse Amyloid beta A4 protein (App) CSB-EP001950MOc7 App E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged

DS研究热门靶点抗体:

● 重组抗体:

产品名称 货号 靶点 反应种属 应用范围
Phospho-AKT1 (T450) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA001553A450phHU AKT1 Human ELISA, WB
Phospho-AKT1 (Ser473) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA001553A473phHU AKT1 Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, IP
AKT1 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA917625A0HU AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
APP Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA994273A0HU APP Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IF
CD4 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA004935A0HU CD4 Human ELISA, WB, IHC
CRP Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA988767A0HU CRP Human ELISA, IHC
GAPDH Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA009232A0HU GAPDH Human, Mouse ELISA, WB
GAPDH Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA009232MA1HU GAPDH Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, FC
IL10 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA011580A0HU IL10 Human ELISA
IL6 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA011664MA1HU IL6 Human ELISA
INS Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA584163A0HU INS Human ELISA, IHC
Phospho-MAPT (T231) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA013481A231phHU MAPT Human ELISA, WB
Phospho-MAPT (S396) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA013481A396phHU MAPT Human ELISA, WB
Phospho-MAPT (S324) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA013481A324phHU MAPT Human ELISA, IF
MAPT Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA246354A0HU MAPT Human ELISA, IHC
MAPT Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA013481A1HU MAPT Mouse, Macaca mulatta ELISA
Phospho-MAPT (S199) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA051594A0HU MAPT Human ELISA, IHC, FC
Phospho-MAPT (S404) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA901354A0HU MAPT Human ELISA, IHC
Phospho-MAPT (S214) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA050476A0HU MAPT Human ELISA, IHC
Phospho-MAPT (S202) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA082445A0HU MAPT Human ELISA, FC
MAPT Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA013481MA1HU MAPT Human ELISA, FC
Phospho-MTOR (S2481) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA008968A2481phHU MTOR Human ELISA, WB, IF
Phospho-MTOR (S2448) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA008968A2448phHU MTOR Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
Phospho-TP53 (T55) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA024077A55phHU TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IF
Phospho-TP53 (S392) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA024077A392phHU TP53 Human ELISA, WB
Phospho-TP53 (S33) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA024077A33phHU TP53 Human ELISA, IHC, IF
Phospho-TP53 (S9) Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA024077A09phHU TP53 Human ELISA, IF
TP53 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA236796A0HU TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
TP53 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA825742A0HU TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
TP53 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA214807A0HU TP53 Human ELISA, IHC
TP53 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA592348A0HU TP53 Human ELISA, IF
TP53 Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody CSB-RA024077MA1HU TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IF, FC

● 单克隆抗体:

产品名称 货号 靶点 反应种属 应用范围
AKT1 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA011037 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Pig, Rat ELISA, WB
APP Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA0019501A0m APP Human, Mouse ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
CD4 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000228 CD4 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC
CD4 Monoclonal Antibody,Purified CSB-MA783233 CD4 Human ELISA, FC
CRP Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA027411E0m CRP Human ELISA, IHC
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000071M0m GAPDH Human, Rat, Rabbit ELISA, WB, IHC, IP, IF, FC
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000071M1m GAPDH Human, Mouse, Rabbit ELISA, WB, IHC, IP, IF
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000071M2m GAPDH Human, Rat, Rabbit, Mouse ELISA, WB, IHC, IP, IF
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000184 GAPDH Human, Rat, Mouse, Monkey, Dog, Chicken, Hamster, Rabbit, Pig, Sheep, Insect, Yeast ELISA, WB, IHC
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000195 GAPDH Human, Rat, Mouse, Monkey, Dog, Chicken, Hamster, Rabbit, Pig, Sheep ELISA, WB
GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA072309 GAPDH Human, Pig, Rat, Mouse ELISA, WB
IFNG Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA065241A0m IFNG Human ELISA, IHC
IL6 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA067571A0m IL6 Human ELISA, WB, IHC
TNF Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA084771A0m TNF Bovine ELISA
TNF Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA080271 TNF Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
TNF Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA080272 TNF Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
TP53 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA0240771A0m TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IHC
TP53 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA000208 TP53 Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
TP53 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA989534 TP53 Human ELISA, WB
TP53 Monoclonal Antibody CSB-MA189580 TP53 Human, Dog, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB

● 多克隆抗体:

产品名称 货号 靶点 反应种属 应用范围
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA866317LA01HU ACE2 Human ELISA, IHC, IF
Ace2 Antibody CSB-PA688690OA01RA Ace2 Rat ELISA, WB
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA040178 ACE2 Human, Mouse ELISA, WB
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA001150GA01HU ACE2 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA111496 ACE2 Human ELISA, IHC
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA025395 ACE2 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC
ACE2 Antibody CSB-PA445794 ACE2 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC
AKT1 Antibody CSB-PA15905A0Rb AKT1 Human ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, IP
AKT1 Antibody CSB-PA000852 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
Phospho-AKT1 (S124) Antibody CSB-PA008118 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
Phospho-AKT1 (T72) Antibody CSB-PA008120 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
AKT1 Antibody CSB-PA008122 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC
AKT1 Antibody CSB-PA080256 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Phospho-AKT1 (S129) Antibody CSB-PA000645 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB
Phospho-AKT1 (T308) Antibody CSB-PA000657 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB
Phospho-AKT1 (S473) Antibody CSB-PA000732 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
AKT1 Antibody CSB-PA000851 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
Phospho-AKT1 (S246) Antibody CSB-PA000465 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
Phospho-AKT1 (T450) Antibody CSB-PA000468 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
Phospho-AKT1 (Y326) Antibody CSB-PA000649 AKT1 Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB

参考文献:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05736-y

DOI:10.1093/brain/awt340

https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.3186

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105679

10.1126/science.abq4515

doi 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.02.18

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