Human Bromodomain-containing protein 4(BRD4) ELISA kit

Chromatin reader protein that recognizes and binds acetylated histones and plays a key role in transmission of epigenetic memory across cell divisions and transcription regulation. Remains associated with acetylated chromatin throughout the entire cell cycle and provides epigenetic memory for postmitotic G1 gene transcription by preserving acetylated chromatin status and maintaining high-order chromatin structure. During interphase, plays a key role in regulating the transcription of signal-inducible genes by associating with the P-TEFb complex and recruiting it to promoters. Also recruits P-TEFb complex to distal enhancers, so called anti-pause enhancers in collaboration with JMJD6. BRD4 and JMJD6 are required to form the transcriptionally active P-TEFb complex by displacing negative regulators such as HEXIM1 and 7SKsnRNA complex from P-TEFb, thereby transforming it into an active form that can then phosphorylate the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Promotes phosphorylation of 'Ser-2' of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. According to a report, directly acts as an atypical protein kinase and mediates phosphorylation of 'Ser-2' of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II; these data however need additional evidences in vivo. In addition to acetylated histones, also recognizes and binds acetylated RELA, leading to further recruitment of the P-TEFb complex and subsequent activation of NF-kappa-B. Also acts as a regulator of p53/TP53-mediated transcription: following phosphorylation by CK2, recruited to p53/TP53 specific target promoters.; Acts as a chromatin insulator in the DNA damage response pathway. Inhibits DNA damage response signaling by recruiting the condensin-2 complex to acetylated histones, leading to chromatin structure remodeling, insulating the region from DNA damage response by limiting spreading of histone H2AX/H2A.x phosphorylation.

1. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 suppressed IL-1beta-induced expression and translocation of HMGB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed the enrichment of BRD4 around the HMGB1 upstream non-promoter region, which diminished with JQ1 treatment. PMID: 28844955
2. miR204 directly binds to UCA1 and the 3'untranslated region of BRD4. Furthermore, UCA1 competed with BRD4 for miR204 binding. miR204 knockdown enhanced BRD4 expression, which can be partially restored by short hairpinUCA1. PMID: 30015945
3. High BRD4 expression is associated with preeclampsia. PMID: 29748248
4. BRD4 silencing was negatively correlated palomid 529-induced apoptosis in the primary human renal cell carcinoma cells and tumor growth in SCID mice. PMID: 30308518
5. miR-608 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation possibly via targeting BET family protein BRD4. PMID: 29777702
6. MS645 blocks BRD4 binding to transcription enhancer/mediator proteins MED1 and YY1 with potency superior to monovalent BET inhibitors, resulting in down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and genes for cell-cycle control and DNA damage repair that are largely unaffected by monovalent BrD inhibition. PMID: 30012592
7. Study shows that BRD4 is significantly highly expressed in gastric cancer patients and cell lines and positively regulates the expression of c-MYC through transcription regulation and epigenetic levels. Functionally, these result demonstrate that the knockdown of BRD4 represses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through repression of c-MYC. PMID: 28681984
8. BRD4 hyperphosphorylation is associated with cellular transformation in NUT midline carcinoma PMID: 28630312
9. Results suggest structure-based drug design of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) inhibitors. PMID: 27494802
10. Cells harboring the fusion gene are selectively sensitive to small-molecule inhibition of protein targets induced by, or bound to, PAX3-FOXO1-occupied super enhancers. Furthermore, PAX3-FOXO1 recruits and requires the BET bromodomain protein BRD4 to function at super enhancers, resulting in a complete dependence on BRD4 and a significant susceptibility to BRD inhibition PMID: 28446439
11. Our data suggested that downregulation of BRD4 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells induced apoptosis by PI3K/AKT pathway. Inhibition of BRD4 expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with GBC. PMID: 28766687
12. these results highlighted the significant genetic contribution of the ARID1B variant, rs73013281, to susceptibility for HCC, especially in interaction with physical activity. PMID: 28415703
13. In pluripotent cells, Brd2-Brd4 occupy Nodal gene regulatory elements (NREs), but only Brd4 is required for pluripotency gene expression. Brd4 downregulation facilitates pluripotent exit and drives enhanced Brd2 NRE occupancy, thereby unveiling a specific function for Brd2 in differentiative Nodal-Smad2 signalling PMID: 28588073
14. Findings reveal that PCa-associated ERG can interact and co-occupy with BRD4 in the genome, and suggest this druggable interaction is critical for ERG-mediated cell invasion and PCa progression. PMID: 27223260
15. Data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BET proteins could be a potential treatment for renal fibrosis. PMID: 27732564
16. Our data strongly support the use of CCR2 and CD180 mRNAs as whole blood pharmacodynamic (PD)biomarkers for BRD4 inhibitors, especially in situations where paired tumor biopsies are unavailable. In addition, they can be used as tumor-based PD biomarkers for hematologic tumors. PMID: 28073847
17. Study identified Brd4 as a novel proline hydroxylation substrate with nearly 60% stoichiometry under normoxia states and its hydroxylation level is enzymatically regulated. PMID: 27764789
18. Further analysis indicated that JQ1 inhibited the recruitment of BDR4 to the promoter complex of the Myc and Ccnd1 genes in rat thyroid follicular PCCL3 cells, resulting in decreased MYC expression at the mRNA and protein levels to inhibit tumor cell proliferation PMID: 27440272
19. The Brd4 acetyllysine-binding protein of RelA is involved in activation of polyomavirus JC. PMID: 27007123
20. BRD4 phosphorylation regulates HPV E2-mediated viral transcription and cellular MMP-9 expression PMID: 27477287
21. conclude that BRD3/4 and the FLT3-TAK1/NF-kB pathways collectively control a set of targets that are critically important for the survival of human MLL-AF9 cells PMID: 29240787
22. Diverse gastric cancer cell lines of Asian and Brazilian origins differ in BRD4 and c-MYC expression levels and sensitivity to BET inhibitors. PMID: 27259267
23. Together, dual inhibition of BRD4 and PI3K by SF2523 suppresses human prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 29133261
24. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha PPAR-alpha nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 1 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor alpha variant 3 PMID: 28012209
25. Brd4 is involved in different steps of the papillomavirus life cycle. (Review) PMID: 27965149
26. BRD4 and MYC are essential for the expression of a subgroup of genes induced by class-I HDAC inhibitors. PMID: 28369619
27. Data show that BRD4 controls RUNX2 by binding to the enhancers (ENHs) and each RUNX2 ENH is potentially controlled by a distinct set of TFs and c-JUN as the principal pivot of this regulatory platform. PMID: 28981843
28. any of the molecules or processes in the network could be targeted to curb the oncogenic effects of c-Myc, just as BRD4 can be targeted. And since the targeting of metabolic enzymes has proved effective in mouse tumor models, it might be possible to develop new therapies based on the fact that c-Myc has a role in controlling cellular metabolism PMID: 28100396
29. Brd4 inhibition attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced fibrosis by blocking TGF-beta-mediated Nox4 expression. PMID: 28063381
30. The response of the kinome to targeted BETi treatment in a panel of BRD4-dependent ovarian carcinoma (OC) cell lines. PMID: 27452461
31. A miR-9 mimic represses stimulus-dependent targeting of BRD4. PMID: 27425608
32. BRD4 and CDK9 have independent, coordinated roles in promoting the myofibroblast transition PMID: 28182006
33. Long-term treatment with bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors caused telomere shortening in both mouse and human cells, suggesting BRD4 plays a role in telomere maintenance in vivo. PMID: 28854735
34. The short isoform of BRD4 cooperates with SWI/SNF nucleosome remodelers to repress HIV transcription during latency, a phenotype reversed by BET inhibitor treatment. PMID: 28844864
35. results indicated that in MPNST samples BRD4 mRNA levels were not upregulated and that MPNST cell lines were relatively insensitive to the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1. PMID: 28813519
36. High BRD4 expression is associated with stomach neoplasms. PMID: 28481868
37. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the HBV genome hijacks the host P-TEFb-containing complexes to promote its own transcription; both the super elongation complex and BRD4 can bind to the HBV genome. PMID: 28694331
38. Chemical degrader of BET bromodomain proteins, dBET6, led to the unexpected identification of BRD4 as master regulator of global transcription elongation in acute T-cell leukemia. BRD4 loss does not directly affect CDK9 localization. PMID: 28673542
39. BRD4 binds and stays associated with chromatin during mitosis, bookmarking early G1 genes and reactivating transcription after mitotic silencing. BRD4 acts as a passive scaffold via its recruitment of vital transcription factors and as an active kinase that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II. A model in which BRD4 actively coordinates chromatin structure and transcription is described. Review. PMID: 27450555
40. we have discovered that BRD4-bound super-enhancers provide a powerful tool for enriching and prioritizing PC and BC genetic risk loci PMID: 28359301
41. BRD4 represses autophagy and lysosome gene expression. This repression is alleviated during nutrient deprivation through AMPK-SIRT1 signaling, allowing autophagy activation. BRD4 inhibition enhances autophagic flux and lysosomal function and promotes the degradation of protein aggregates. Sakamaki et PMID: 28525743
42. The studies show that BRD4 inhibition may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases. PMID: 27666594
43. A BRD4 missense mutation was the likely disease-causing mutation in this family with autosomal dominant syndromic congenital cataracts associated with neuro-skeletal anomalies. PMID: 28076398
44. these studies highlight the importance of Brd4 in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory gene expression and suggest that Brd4 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-triggered inflammatory diseases and cancer PMID: 27084101
45. BRD4 positively regulates EZH2 transcription through upregulation of C-MYC, and is a novel promising target for pharmacologic treatment in transcriptional program intervention against this intractable disease. PMID: 26939702
46. We postulate that BRD4-NUT (B4N) complexes override the preexisting histone code with new posttranslational modifications patterns that reflect aberrant transcription and that epigenetically modulate the nucleosome environment toward the NUT-midline carcinoma (NMC) state. PMID: 27698495
47. The s show that, upon infection of primary human keratinocytes with human papillomavirus 18 quasivirus, Brd4 activates viral transcription and replication. PMID: 27879331
48. research reveals that BRD4 probably play a critical role in Renal Cell Carcinoma progression, and is a new promising target for pharmacological treatment directed against this intractable disease. PMID: 28391274
49. These data provide a detailed mechanism for how activated NF-kappaB and BRD4 control epithelial-mesenchymal transition initiation and transcriptional elongation in model airway epithelial cells in vitro and in a murine pulmonary fibrosis model in vivo. PMID: 27793799
50. BRD4 localization to lineage-specific enhancers is associated with a distinct transcription factor repertoire. PMID: 27651452

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A chromosomal aberration involving BRD4 is found in a rare, aggressive, and lethal carcinoma arising in midline organs of young people. Translocation t(15;19)(q14;p13) with NUT which produces a BRD4-NUT fusion protein.

Nucleus. Chromosome.; [Isoform B]: Chromosome.

Ubiquitously expressed.

HGNC: 13575

OMIM: 608749

KEGG: hsa:23476

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000263377

UniGene: Hs.187763