Rat Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial(GPX4) ELISA kit

Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins. Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide. Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation. Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis. The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures. May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells. Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion. Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down-regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway.; Specifically able to suppress the production of leukotriene and prostaglandin in response to several stimuli by reducing fatty acid hydroperoxide.; Specifically required to prevent mitochondrial cell death by mediating reduction of cardiolipin hydroperoxide. Also required for normal sperm development and male fertility.; Required for male fertility by stabilizing the condensed chromatin in sperm nuclei.

1. Gpx4-catalyzed reduction of lipid hydroperoxides in lipid membranes has been described. PMID: 28709976
2. MS/MS analysis of oxidized rat GPx4 complies with the predicted structure, an 8-membered ring, in which selenium is bound as selenenylamide to the protein backbone. PMID: 26163004
3. mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (50 nmol/kg during 5 days) significantly increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2 transcription factor and Nrf2-induced genes encoding antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx4 in rat peripheral blood leukocytes. PMID: 26071777
4. Our findings suggest that a decrease in mitochondrial GPx4 monomer and a functional loss of activity may be a contributing factor to the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease PMID: 23816523
5. Rat Gpx4 is a moonlighting protein that functions both as a peroxidase, as well as a structural protein. PMID: 10464096
6. Upon selenium fluctuation, the modulation of UGA recoding efficiency depends on the nature of the SECIS, with Gpx1 being more sensitive than Gpx4. PMID: 22614831
7. activity in testis and epididymal spermatozoa of rats of different ages (phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase PHGPx, Gpx4). PMID: 11903656
8. an important component of the mechanisms regulating inflammation PMID: 12397078
9. gene is differentially spliced during the meiotic prophase and haploid cell phases of spermatogenesis PMID: 12533403
10. PHGPx signals were detected in chromatoid bodies, clear nucleoplasm, mitochondria-associated material, mitochondrial aggregates, granulated bodies, and vesicles in residual bodies in addition to mitochondria, nuclei, and acrosomes during spermatogenesis. PMID: 12724282
11. the nuclear PHGPx variant has a role in regulating cell division PMID: 12819198
12. overexpression provides protection against damage from simulated ischemia/reoxygenation injury, particularly in the mitochondria, and the combination of mPHGPx and HSP60/10 imparts an added protective effect PMID: 14583338
13. presence of traces of the larger snGPx form suggests that exhaustive proteolytic processing of the precursor produces the 25.9 kDa enzyme PMID: 15670826
14. PHGPx activity in activated PMNs appears to be related to the appearance of the intrinsic function of PMNs in the inflammatory site. PMID: 15757501
15. TGR and GPx4 can serve as a novel disulfide bond formation system and contain a catalytic selenocysteine consistent with the role of selenium in male reproduction PMID: 15901730
16. PHGPx interacts with SMCP; the cysteine motif of PHGPx is a new substrate of the selenoperoxidase PMID: 16159880
17. Astrocytic upregulation of GPx4 in response to injury is part of a protective cascade counteracting further cell damage in brain injury. PMID: 17603929
18. We therefore propose that under persistent oxidative stress the formation of hepoxilin A3 and the HXA3-induced upregulation of PHGPx constitute a compensatory defense response to protect the vitality and functionality of the cell. PMID: 17997296
19. liver and kidney Gpx4 activity in old female rats PMID: 19398061
20. Data show that the intake of fish oil in the selenium-deficient animal led to a markedly altered formation of sperm nuclei glutathione peroxidase (snGPx), also designated as the nuclear form of PHGPx (n-PHGPx). PMID: 19723078

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[Isoform Nuclear]: Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus.; [Isoform Mitochondrial]: Mitochondrion. Cytoplasm.; [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm.

Glutathione peroxidase family

Present primarily in testis. Expressed in flagella of epididymal sperm. Isoform Cytoplasmic: Highly expressed in testis. Present in spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid (at protein level).

KEGG: rno:29328

UniGene: Rn.3647